Siegel Ronald A
Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA; Department Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA.
J Control Release. 2014 Sep 28;190:337-51. doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.06.035. Epub 2014 Jun 28.
Since the early days of the Journal of Controlled Release, there has been considerable interest in materials that can release drug on an "on-demand" basis. So called "stimuli-responsive" and "intelligent" systems have been designed to deliver drug at various times or at various sites in the body, according to a stimulus that is either endogenous or externally applied. In the past three decades, research along these lines has taken numerous directions, and each new generation of investigators has discovered new physicochemical principles and chemical schemes by which the release properties of materials can be altered. No single review could possibly do justice to all of these approaches. In this article, some general observations are made, and a partial history of the field is presented. Both open loop and closed loop systems are discussed. Special emphasis is placed on stimuli-responsive hydrogels, and on systems that can respond repeatedly. It is argued that the most success at present and in the foreseeable future is with systems in which biosensing and actuation (i.e. drug delivery) are separated, with a human and/or cybernetic operator linking the two.
自《控制释放杂志》创刊初期以来，人们就对能够“按需”释放药物的材料产生了浓厚兴趣。所谓的“刺激响应型”和“智能”系统已被设计用于根据内源性或外部施加的刺激，在体内的不同时间或不同部位释放药物。在过去三十年中，沿着这些方向的研究呈现出众多分支，每一代新的研究人员都发现了新的物理化学原理和化学方案，通过这些原理和方案可以改变材料的释放特性。任何一篇综述都不可能全面涵盖所有这些方法。在本文中，我们将进行一些一般性的观察，并呈现该领域的部分发展历程。同时还将讨论开环和闭环系统。特别强调刺激响应型水凝胶以及能够重复响应的系统。本文认为，目前以及在可预见的未来，最成功的是生物传感与驱动（即药物递送）相互分离、由人类和/或控制论操作者将两者联系起来的系统。
