Department of Neurological Surgery, The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco San Francisco, CA, USA.
Front Neurosci. 2014 Jun 17;8:162. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2014.00162. eCollection 2014.
Neural stem cells (NSCs) in the walls of the lateral ventricles continue to produce new neurons and oligodendrocytes throughout life. The identification of NSCs, long-range neuronal migration, and the integration of new neurons into fully formed mature neural circuits-all in the juvenile or adult brain-has dramatically changed concepts in neurodevelopment and suggests new strategies for brain repair. Yet, the latter has to be seen in perspective: NSCs in the adult are heterogeneous and highly regionally specified; young neurons derived from these primary progenitors migrate and integrate in specific brain regions. Neurogenesis appears to have a function in brain plasticity rather than brain repair. If similar processes could be induced in regions of the brain that are normally not a target of new neurons, therapeutic neuronal replacement may one day reinstate neural circuit plasticity and possibly repair broken neural circuits.
神经干细胞（NSCs）在侧脑室的壁中持续产生新的神经元和少突胶质细胞，终生不休。NSCs 的鉴定、长程神经元迁移以及新神经元整合到完全成熟的成熟神经回路中——所有这些都发生在幼年或成年的大脑中——这极大地改变了神经发育的概念，并为大脑修复提出了新的策略。然而，后者必须从实际情况出发：成年的 NSCs 是异质的，高度区域化的；来自这些原始祖细胞的年轻神经元在特定的脑区迁移和整合。神经发生似乎在大脑的可塑性中发挥作用，而不是在大脑修复中发挥作用。如果能够在通常不是新神经元靶区的脑区诱导类似的过程，那么有朝一日，治疗性神经元替代可能会恢复神经回路的可塑性，并可能修复受损的神经回路。
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