van der Deen Frederieke S, Pearson Amber L, Petrović Darko, Collinson Lucie
Department of Public Health, University of Otago, Wellington, PO Box 7343, Wellington, New Zealand.
N Z Med J. 2014 Jun 20;127(1396):43-52.
To examine levels of fine particulates of secondhand smoke (SHS) in outdoor dining/smoking areas and the adjacent indoor dining areas of restaurants to assess possible drift via open windows/doors.
We measured fine particulates (PM2.5 mcg/m³) with real-time aerosol monitors as a marker of SHS inside where smoking is banned and outside dining areas (which permit smoking) of eight restaurants in Wellington. We also collected related background data (e.g. number of smokers, time windows/doors were open, etc.).
Highest overall mean PM2.5 levels were observed in the outdoor dining areas (38 mcg/m³), followed by the adjacent indoor areas (34 mcg/m³), the outdoor ambient air (22 mcg/m³) and the indoor areas at the back of the restaurant (21 mcg/m³). We found significantly higher PM2.5 levels indoor near the entrance compared to indoor near the back of the restaurant (p=0.006) and in the outdoor smoking area compared to outdoor ambient levels (p<0.001). Importantly, we did not detect a significant difference in mean PM2.5 levels in outdoor smoking areas and adjacent indoor areas (p=0.149).
Similar PM2.5 concentrations in the outdoor and adjacent indoor dining areas of restaurants might indicate SHS drifting through open doors/windows. This may especially be a problem when smoking patronage is high, the outdoor dining area is enclosed, and during peak summer season when restaurants generally have all doors and windows opened. Tighter restrictions around outdoor smoking at restaurants, to protect the health of both patrons and staff members, may be needed.
检测餐厅户外就餐/吸烟区及相邻室内就餐区的二手烟细颗粒物水平，以评估其通过门窗可能产生的漂移情况。
我们使用实时气溶胶监测仪测量细颗粒物（PM2.5微克/立方米），以此作为惠灵顿8家餐厅内禁止吸烟区域及户外就餐区（允许吸烟）二手烟的标志物。我们还收集了相关背景数据（如吸烟者数量、门窗开启时间等）。
户外就餐区的PM2.5总体平均水平最高（38微克/立方米），其次是相邻的室内区域（34微克/立方米）、户外环境空气（22微克/立方米）以及餐厅后部的室内区域（21微克/立方米）。我们发现，餐厅入口附近室内的PM2.5水平显著高于餐厅后部室内（p = 0.006），且户外吸烟区的PM2.5水平显著高于户外环境水平（p < 0.001）。重要的是，我们未检测到户外吸烟区与相邻室内区域的PM2.5平均水平存在显著差异（p = 0.149）。
餐厅户外和相邻室内就餐区相似的PM2.5浓度可能表明二手烟通过门窗漂移。当吸烟顾客较多、户外就餐区封闭以及夏季高峰期餐厅通常所有门窗都打开时，这可能尤其成为一个问题。可能需要对餐厅户外吸烟实施更严格的限制，以保护顾客和员工的健康。
