Sanguinetti Maurizio, Posteraro Brunella
Institute of Microbiology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo F. Vito, 1, 00168, Rome, Italy,
Mycopathologia. 2014 Dec;178(5-6):417-26. doi: 10.1007/s11046-014-9757-1. Epub 2014 Jul 8.
Recently, relentless efforts to develop rapid, cost-effective, and reliable laboratory methods for daily diagnosis of fungal diseases such as aspergillosis appear to be materialized in the relatively new, but revolutionary matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry (MS) technology. As for Aspergilli, MALDI-TOF MS profiling of isolates growing in culture--characteristic protein spectra are obtainable by means of simple and reproducible preanalytical and analytical procedures--ensures that single species within the different sections or complexes can be easily and accurately identified, including species that are morphologically and phylogenetically similar to each other. Thus, resort to longer and more onerous molecular biology techniques is restricted to those cases for which no spectra in the reference fungal database or library are available at the time of analysis. However, it is necessary to interrogate reference libraries composed of spectra that have been obtained using procedures similar to those used to obtain the test isolate's mass spectrum, as well as to continuously update these libraries for enriching them with fungal strains/species not (or not well) represented in their current versions. Compared to mold identification, very limited work was reported on the use of MALDI-TOF MS to perform strain typing or antifungal susceptibility testing for Aspergilli. If these complementing areas will be potentiated in the near future, MALDI-TOF MS could effectively support the clinical microbiology/mycology laboratory in its primary role of assisting either infection control specialists or physicians for the diagnosis and treatment of aspergillosis.
最近，为日常诊断曲霉病等真菌疾病而不懈努力开发快速、经济高效且可靠的实验室方法，这似乎在相对较新但具有革命性的基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间（MALDI-TOF）质谱（MS）技术中得以实现。对于曲霉菌而言，对培养物中生长的分离株进行MALDI-TOF MS分析——通过简单且可重复的分析前和分析程序可获得特征性蛋白质谱——确保不同组或复合体中的单个菌种能够被轻松、准确地鉴定，包括形态学和系统发育上彼此相似的菌种。因此，只有在分析时参考真菌数据库或文库中没有可用谱图的情况下，才会采用更耗时费力的分子生物学技术。然而，有必要查询由使用与获取测试分离株质谱相似程序所获得的谱图组成的参考文库，并且不断更新这些文库，以便用当前版本中未（或未充分）体现的真菌菌株/菌种来丰富它们。与霉菌鉴定相比，关于使用MALDI-TOF MS对曲霉菌进行菌株分型或抗真菌药敏试验的报道非常有限。如果这些补充领域在不久的将来能够得到加强，MALDI-TOF MS可以有效地支持临床微生物学/真菌学实验室在协助感染控制专家或医生诊断和治疗曲霉病方面发挥主要作用。
