Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305; email:
Annu Rev Neurosci. 2014;37:479-501. doi: 10.1146/annurev-neuro-062012-170328. Epub 2014 Jun 23.
Recent advances in cell reprogramming enable investigators to generate pluripotent stem cells from somatic cells. These induced pluripotent cells can subsequently be differentiated into any cell type, making it possible for the first time to obtain functional human neurons in the lab from control subjects and patients with psychiatric disorders. In this review, we survey the progress made in generating various neuronal subtypes in vitro, with special emphasis on the characterization of these neurons and the identification of unique features of human brain development in a dish. We also discuss efforts to uncover neuronal phenotypes from patients with psychiatric disease and prospects for the use of this platform for drug development.
细胞重编程技术的最新进展使研究人员能够从体细胞中产生多能干细胞。这些诱导多能细胞随后可以分化为任何细胞类型，这使得首次有可能在实验室中从对照个体和精神疾病患者中获得功能性的人类神经元。在这篇综述中，我们调查了体外生成各种神经元亚型的进展，特别强调了这些神经元的特征描述以及在体外揭示人类大脑发育独特特征的努力。我们还讨论了从精神疾病患者中发现神经元表型的努力以及该平台在药物开发中的应用前景。
