Greter Helena, Jean-Richard Vreni, Crump Lisa, Béchir Mahamat, Alfaroukh Idriss O, Schelling Esther, Bonfoh Bassirou, Zinsstag Jakob
Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Switzerland and University of Basel, Switzerland.
Onderstepoort J Vet Res. 2014 Apr 23;81(2):E1-3. doi: 10.4102/ojvr.v81i2.726.
'One health' is particularly suited to serve mobile pastoralists. Dinka pastoralists in Sudan inspired Calvin Schwabe to coin the term 'one medicine', indicating that there is no difference in paradigm between human and veterinary medicine. Our contemporary definition of 'one health' is any added value in terms of improved health of humans and animals or financial savings or environmental services resulting from a closer cooperation of human and animal health sectors. Here we present a summary of 'one health' studies with mobile pastoralists in Africa which were done in research partnership, demonstrating such an added value. Initial joint human and animal health studies revealed higher livestock vaccination coverage than in the pastoralist community, leading to joint animal and human vaccination intervention studies which demonstrated a better access to primary health care services for pastoralists in Chad. Further simultaneous animal and human serological studies showed that camel breeding was associated with human Q-fever seropositivity. In Borana communities in Ethiopia, human cases of Mycobacterium bovis infection could be related to strains isolated from cattle. A challenge remained with regard to how to assess vaccination coverage in mobile populations. With the advent of mobile phones, health and demographic surveillance could be established for mobile pastoralists and their animals. This presents vast possibilities for surveillance and control of human and animal diseases. Pastoralists prefer a 'one health' approach and therefore contribute toward the validation of this concept by showing real added value of the cooperation between human and animal health services.
“同一健康”特别适合为流动牧民服务。苏丹的丁卡族牧民启发了卡尔文·施瓦贝创造了“同一医学”这个术语，这表明人类医学和兽医学在范式上没有区别。我们当代对“同一健康”的定义是，人类和动物卫生部门更紧密合作在改善人类和动物健康、节省资金或提供环境服务方面带来的任何附加值。在此，我们概述了与非洲流动牧民开展的“同一健康”研究，这些研究是通过研究伙伴关系进行的，展示了这种附加值。最初的人畜健康联合研究发现，牲畜疫苗接种覆盖率高于牧民社区，这促使开展了人畜联合疫苗接种干预研究，结果表明乍得的牧民能更好地获得初级卫生保健服务。进一步同时开展的人畜血清学研究表明，骆驼养殖与人Q热血清阳性有关。在埃塞俄比亚的博拉纳社区，人类牛分枝杆菌感染病例可能与从牛身上分离出的菌株有关。在如何评估流动人群的疫苗接种覆盖率方面仍然存在挑战。随着手机的出现，可以为流动牧民及其牲畜建立健康和人口监测。这为监测和控制人畜疾病带来了巨大可能性。牧民更喜欢“同一健康”方法，因此通过展示人畜卫生服务合作的实际附加值，为这一概念的验证做出了贡献。
