Kahlhöfer J, Lagerpusch M, Enderle J, Eggeling B, Braun W, Pape D, Müller M J, Bosy-Westphal A
Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany.
Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
Eur J Clin Nutr. 2014 Sep;68(9):1060-6. doi: 10.1038/ejcn.2014.132. Epub 2014 Jul 9.
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Because both, glycemic index (GI) and carbohydrate content of the diet increase insulin levels and could thus impair fat oxidation, we hypothesized that refeeding a low GI, moderate-carbohydrate diet facilitates weight maintenance.
SUBJECTS/METHODS: Healthy men (n=32, age 26.0±3.9 years; BMI 23.4±2.0 kg/m(2)) followed 1 week of controlled overfeeding, 3 weeks of caloric restriction and 2 weeks of hypercaloric refeeding (+50, -50 and +50% energy requirement) with low vs high GI (41 vs 74) and moderate vs high CHO intake (50% vs 65% energy). We measured adaptation of fasting macronutrient oxidation and the capacity to supress fat oxidation during an oral glucose tolerance test. Changes in fat mass were measured by quantitative magnetic resonance.
During overfeeding, participants gained 1.9±1.2 kg body weight, followed by a weight loss of -6.3±0.6 kg and weight regain of 2.8±1.0 kg. Subjects with 65% CHO gained more body weight compared with 50% CHO diet (P<0.05) particularly with HGI meals (P<0.01). Refeeding a high-GI diet led to an impaired basal fat oxidation when compared with a low-GI diet (P<0.02), especially at 65% CHO intake. Postprandial metabolic flexibility was unaffected by refeeding at 50% CHO but clearly impaired by 65% CHO diet (P<0.05). Impairment in fasting fat oxidation was associated with regain in fat mass (r=0.43, P<0.05) and body weight (r=0.35; P=0.051).
Both higher GI and higher carbohydrate content affect substrate oxidation and thus the regain in body weight in healthy men. These results argue in favor of a lower glycemic load diet for weight maintenance after weight loss.
背景/目的：由于饮食的血糖生成指数（GI）和碳水化合物含量均会提高胰岛素水平，进而可能损害脂肪氧化，因此我们推测，重新摄入低GI、中等碳水化合物饮食有助于维持体重。
受试者/方法：健康男性（n = 32，年龄26.0±3.9岁；体重指数23.4±2.0kg/m²）先进行1周的控制过度喂养，再进行3周的热量限制，然后进行2周的高热量再喂养（能量需求分别增加50%、减少50%和增加50%），期间摄入低GI与高GI（41对74）以及中等与高碳水化合物摄入量（50%对65%能量）的饮食。我们测量了空腹时大量营养素氧化的适应性以及口服葡萄糖耐量试验期间抑制脂肪氧化的能力。通过定量磁共振测量脂肪量的变化。
在过度喂养期间，参与者体重增加了1.9±1.2kg，随后体重减轻了-6.3±0.6kg，体重又恢复了2.8±1.0kg。与摄入50%碳水化合物饮食的受试者相比，摄入65%碳水化合物的受试者体重增加更多（P<0.05），尤其是在高GI饮食时（P<0.01）。与低GI饮食相比，重新摄入高GI饮食会导致基础脂肪氧化受损（P<0.02），尤其是在碳水化合物摄入量为65%时。餐后代谢灵活性在摄入50%碳水化合物时不受再喂养影响，但在摄入65%碳水化合物饮食时明显受损（P<0.05）。空腹脂肪氧化受损与脂肪量恢复（r = 0.43，P<0.05）和体重恢复（r = 0.35；P = 0.051）相关。
较高的GI和较高的碳水化合物含量均会影响底物氧化，从而影响健康男性体重的恢复。这些结果支持在体重减轻后采用较低血糖负荷饮食来维持体重。
