Liang Huyi, Lam Tommy Tsan-Yuk, Fan Xiaohui, Chen Xinchun, Zeng Yu, Zhou Ji, Duan Lian, Tse Maying, Chan Chung-Hei, Li Lifeng, Leung Tak-Ying, Yip Chun-Hung, Cheung Chung-Lam, Zhou Boping, Smith David K, Poon Leo Lit-Man, Peiris Malik, Guan Yi, Zhu Huachen
State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases (Shenzhen Branch), Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases/Centre of Influenza Research, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong (HKU), Hong Kong SAR, China Joint Influenza Research Centre (SUMC/HKU), Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China.
Department of Microbiology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.
J Virol. 2014 Sep;88(18):10864-74. doi: 10.1128/JVI.01327-14. Epub 2014 Jul 9.
Two-way transmission of influenza viruses between humans and swine has been frequently observed, and the occurrence of the 2009 H1N1 pandemic influenza virus (pdm/09) demonstrated that swine-origin viruses could facilitate the genesis of a pandemic strain. Although multiple introductions to and reassortment in swine of the pdm/09 virus have been repeatedly reported in both Eurasia and the Americas, its long-term impact on the development of swine influenza viruses (SIVs) has not been systematically explored. Our comprehensive evolutionary studies of the complete genomes of 387 SIVs obtained from 2009 to 2012 by influenza virus surveillance in China revealed 17 reassortant genotypes with pdm/09-origin genes. Even though the entire 2009 pandemic virus and its surface genes cannot persist, its internal genes have become established and are now the predominant lineages in pigs in the region. The main persistent pdm/09-origin reassortant forms had at least five pdm/09-origin internal genes, and their surface genes were primarily of European avian-like (EA) or human H3N2-like SIV origin. These findings represent a marked change in the evolutionary patterns and ecosystem of SIVs in China. It is possible that the pdm/09-origin internal genes are in the process of replacing EA or triple-reassortant-like internal genes. These alterations in the SIV gene pool need to be continually monitored to assess changes in the potential for SIV transmission to humans.
Shortly after the emergence of the 2009 pandemic H1N1 (pdm/09) influenza virus, it was transmitted from humans to pigs and this continues to occur around the world. Many reassortants between pdm/09-origin viruses and enzootic swine influenza viruses (SIVs) have been detected. However, the long-term impact of pdm/09-origin viruses on the SIV gene pool, which could lead to the generation of influenza viruses with the potential to infect humans, has not been systematically examined. From extensive surveillance of SIVs over a 38-month period in southern China, it was found that although neither complete pdm/09 viruses nor their surface genes could persist in pigs, their internal genes did persist. Over the survey period, these internal genes became predominant, potentially replacing those of the enzootic SIV lineages. The altered diversity of the SIV gene pool needs to be closely monitored for changes in the potential for SIV transmission to humans.
人类与猪之间流感病毒的双向传播屡见不鲜，2009年甲型H1N1大流行性流感病毒（pdm/09）的出现表明，猪源病毒可推动大流行毒株的产生。尽管在欧亚大陆和美洲都多次报道了pdm/09病毒传入猪群并在猪群中发生重配，但尚未对其对猪流感病毒（SIV）演变的长期影响进行系统研究。我们对2009年至2012年期间在中国通过流感病毒监测获得的387株SIV的全基因组进行的全面进化研究揭示了17种带有pdm/09起源基因的重配基因型。尽管整个2009年大流行病毒及其表面基因无法持续存在，但其内部基因已得以确立，如今是该地区猪群中的主要谱系。主要持续存在的源自pdm/09的重配形式至少有5个源自pdm/09的内部基因，其表面基因主要源自欧洲禽源样（EA）或人H3N2样SIV。这些发现代表了中国SIV进化模式和生态系统的显著变化。源自pdm/09的内部基因有可能正在取代EA或三重重配样内部基因。需要持续监测SIV基因库的这些变化，以评估SIV向人类传播可能性的变化。
2009年甲型H1N1（pdm/09）大流行性流感病毒出现后不久，便从人类传播到猪，且在世界各地仍在继续发生。已检测到许多源自pdm/09的病毒与地方性猪流感病毒（SIV）之间的重配体。然而，尚未对源自pdm/09的病毒对SIV基因库的长期影响进行系统研究，而这可能导致产生有感染人类潜力的流感病毒。通过对中国南方38个月期间的SIV进行广泛监测发现，尽管完整的pdm/09病毒及其表面基因都无法在猪体内持续存在，但其内部基因却可以。在调查期间，这些内部基因成为主要基因，有可能取代地方性SIV谱系的基因。需要密切监测SIV基因库多样性的变化，以了解SIV向人类传播可能性的变化。
