Ritze Yvonne, Bárdos Gyöngyi, D'Haese Jan G, Ernst Barbara, Thurnheer Martin, Schultes Bernd, Bischoff Stephan C
Department of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany.
Department of Surgery, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.
PLoS One. 2014 Jul 10;9(7):e101702. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0101702. eCollection 2014.
Sugar consumption has increased dramatically over the last decades in Western societies. Especially the intake of sugar-sweetened beverages seems to be a major risk for the development of obesity. Thus, we compared liquid versus solid high-sugar diets with regard to dietary intake, intestinal uptake and metabolic parameters in mice and partly in humans.
Five iso-caloric diets, enriched with liquid (in water 30% vol/vol) or solid (in diet 65% g/g) fructose or sucrose or a control diet were fed for eight weeks to C57bl/6 mice. Sugar, liquid and caloric intake, small intestinal sugar transporters (GLUT2/5) and weight regulating hormone mRNA expression, as well as hepatic fat accumulation were measured. In obese versus lean humans that underwent either bariatric surgery or small bowel resection, we analyzed small intestinal GLUT2, GLUT5, and cholecystokinin expression.
In mice, the liquid high-sucrose diet caused an enhancement of total caloric intake compared to the solid high-sucrose diet and the control diet. In addition, the liquid high-sucrose diet increased expression of GLUT2, GLUT5, and cholecystokinin expression in the ileum (P<0.001). Enhanced liver triglyceride accumulation was observed in mice being fed the liquid high-sucrose or -fructose, and the solid high-sucrose diet compared to controls. In obese, GLUT2 and GLUT5 mRNA expression was enhanced in comparison to lean individuals.
We show that the form of sugar intake (liquid versus solid) is presumably more important than the type of sugar, with regard to feeding behavior, intestinal sugar uptake and liver fat accumulation in mice. Interestingly, in obese individuals, an intestinal sugar transporter modulation also occurred when compared to lean individuals.
在过去几十年中，西方社会的糖消费量急剧增加。尤其是含糖饮料的摄入似乎是肥胖发展的主要风险因素。因此，我们比较了液体与固体高糖饮食在小鼠以及部分人类中的饮食摄入、肠道吸收和代谢参数。
将五种等热量饮食（富含液体（水中体积分数30%）或固体（饮食中质量分数65%）的果糖或蔗糖）或对照饮食喂养C57bl/6小鼠八周。测量糖、液体和热量摄入、小肠糖转运蛋白（GLUT2/5）以及体重调节激素mRNA表达，以及肝脏脂肪堆积情况。在接受减肥手术或小肠切除术的肥胖与瘦人个体中，我们分析了小肠GLUT2、GLUT5和胆囊收缩素的表达。
在小鼠中，与固体高蔗糖饮食和对照饮食相比，液体高蔗糖饮食导致总热量摄入增加。此外，液体高蔗糖饮食增加了回肠中GLUT2、GLUT5和胆囊收缩素的表达（P<0.001）。与对照组相比，喂食液体高蔗糖或 -果糖以及固体高蔗糖饮食的小鼠肝脏甘油三酯堆积增加。在肥胖个体中，与瘦人相比，GLUT2和GLUT5 mRNA表达增强。
我们表明，就小鼠的摄食行为、肠道糖吸收和肝脏脂肪堆积而言，糖摄入的形式（液体与固体）可能比糖的类型更重要。有趣的是，与瘦人相比，肥胖个体中也出现了肠道糖转运蛋白的调节。
