Ainsworth Sarah E, Baumeister Roy F, Vohs Kathleen D, Ariely Dan
Florida State University.
University of Minnesota.
J Exp Soc Psychol. 2014 Sep 1;54:40-49. doi: 10.1016/j.jesp.2014.04.004.
Three experiments tested the effects of ego depletion on economic decision making. Participants completed a task either requiring self-control or not. Then participants learned about the trust game, in which senders are given an initial allocation of $10 to split between themselves and another person, the receiver. The receiver receives triple the amount given and can send any, all, or none of the tripled money back to the sender. Participants were assigned the role of the sender and decided how to split the initial allocation. Giving less money, and therefore not trusting the receiver, is the safe, less risky response. Participants who had exerted self-control and were depleted gave the receiver less money than those in the non-depletion condition (Experiment 1). This effect was replicated and moderated in two additional experiments. Depletion again led to lower amounts given (less trust), but primarily among participants who were told they would never meet the receiver (Experiment 2) or who were given no information about how similar they were to the receiver (Experiment 3). Amounts given did not differ for depleted and non-depleted participants who either expected to meet the receiver (Experiment 2) or were led to believe that they were very similar to the receiver (Experiment 3). Decreased trust among depleted participants was strongest among neurotics. These results imply that self-control facilitates behavioral trust, especially when no other cues signal decreased social risk in trusting, such as if an actual or possible relationship with the receiver were suggested.
三项实验测试了自我损耗对经济决策的影响。参与者完成一项需要自我控制或不需要自我控制的任务。然后参与者了解信任博弈，在该博弈中，给予发送者10美元的初始分配，让其在自己和另一个人（接收者）之间进行分配。接收者收到的金额是所给金额的三倍，可以将三倍金额中的任何部分、全部或不返还给发送者。参与者被分配为发送者的角色，并决定如何分配初始金额。给较少的钱，即不信任接收者，是一种安全、风险较小的反应。进行了自我控制并处于损耗状态的参与者比未处于损耗状态的参与者给接收者的钱更少（实验1）。这一效应在另外两项实验中得到了重复和调节。损耗再次导致给予的金额减少（信任度降低），但主要是在那些被告知永远不会见到接收者的参与者中（实验2），或者是那些没有得到关于他们与接收者有多相似的信息的参与者中（实验3）。对于预期会见到接收者的损耗和未损耗参与者（实验2），或者被引导相信他们与接收者非常相似的参与者（实验3），给予的金额没有差异。在神经质者中，损耗参与者之间信任度的降低最为明显。这些结果表明，自我控制有助于行为信任，尤其是在没有其他线索表明信任中的社会风险降低的情况下，比如如果暗示了与接收者的实际或可能关系。
