Shapiro B, Kulkarni S, Nacev A, Sarwar A, Preciado D, Depireux D A
Fischell Department of Bioengineering.
Annu Rev Biomed Eng. 2014 Jul 11;16:455-81. doi: 10.1146/annurev-bioeng-071813-105206.
Magnetic fields have the potential to noninvasively direct and focus therapy to disease targets. External magnets can apply forces on drug-coated magnetic nanoparticles, or on living cells that contain particles, and can be used to manipulate them in vivo. Significant progress has been made in developing and testing safe and therapeutic magnetic constructs that can be manipulated by magnetic fields. However, we do not yet have the magnet systems that can then direct those constructs to the right places, in vivo, over human patient distances. We do not yet know where to put the external magnets, how to shape them, or when to turn them on and off to direct particles or magnetized cells-in blood, through tissue, and across barriers-to disease locations. In this article, we consider ear and eye disease targets. Ear and eye targets are too deep and complex to be targeted by a single external magnet, but they are shallow enough that a combination of magnets may be able to direct therapy to them. We focus on how magnetic fields should be shaped (in space and time) to direct magnetic constructs to ear and eye targets.
磁场有潜力以非侵入性方式将治疗引导并聚焦于疾病靶点。外部磁铁可对涂有药物的磁性纳米颗粒或含有此类颗粒的活细胞施加力，并可用于在体内对其进行操控。在开发和测试可被磁场操控的安全且具有治疗作用的磁性结构方面已取得重大进展。然而，我们尚未拥有能够在体内将这些结构引导至正确位置、跨越人体患者距离的磁体系统。我们尚不知道将外部磁体置于何处、如何塑造它们，或者何时开启和关闭它们，以便将颗粒或磁化细胞引导至——在血液中、穿过组织并跨越屏障——疾病部位。在本文中，我们考虑耳部和眼部疾病靶点。耳部和眼部靶点位置太深且情况复杂，无法通过单个外部磁体进行靶向，但它们又足够浅，以至于磁体组合或许能够将治疗引导至这些靶点。我们专注于应如何（在空间和时间上）塑造磁场，以便将磁性结构引导至耳部和眼部靶点。
