Turati Federica, Filomeno Maria, Galeone Carlotta, Serraino Diego, Bidoli Ettore, La Vecchia Carlo
Department of Epidemiology, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Via Giuseppe La Masa 19, 20156, Milan, Italy.
Eur J Nutr. 2015 Apr;54(3):475-81. doi: 10.1007/s00394-014-0731-y. Epub 2014 Jul 14.
Although a role of glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) in age-related cataract development is plausible, a few studies, all conducted in USA or Australia, provided results on this issue. The aim of the present study was to provide new original data from a Mediterranean population.
We analyzed data from an Italian case-control study including 761 cases with cataract extraction and 1,522 hospital controls, frequency-matched with cases by center, sex, and age. Multivariate odds ratios (ORs) for GI and GL intakes were obtained from logistic regression models after allowance for major confounding factors, including non carbohydrate energy intake, smoking, and diabetes.
The ORs of cataract extraction for the highest versus the lowest tertile were 1.20 (95% confidence interval, CI 0.91-1.57) for GI and 1.57 (95% CI 1.16-2.13) for GL, with a statistically significant trend in risk for GL (p < 0.01). Results were materially unchanged when diabetics were excluded from the analysis. No heterogeneity emerged across strata of sex, age, education, smoking habits and body mass index.
The present study supports a positive association between dietary GL and the risk of cataract extraction, independently from diabetes, and a lack of association for GI.
尽管血糖生成指数（GI）和血糖负荷（GL）在年龄相关性白内障发展中的作用看似合理，但仅有少数在美国或澳大利亚进行的研究提供了关于此问题的结果。本研究的目的是提供来自地中海人群的新的原始数据。
我们分析了一项意大利病例对照研究的数据，该研究包括761例接受白内障摘除术的病例和1522例医院对照，对照按中心、性别和年龄与病例进行频率匹配。在考虑了主要混杂因素（包括非碳水化合物能量摄入、吸烟和糖尿病）后，通过逻辑回归模型获得了GI和GL摄入量的多变量优势比（OR）。
GI最高三分位数与最低三分位数相比，白内障摘除的OR为1.20（95%置信区间，CI 0.91 - 1.57），GL为1.57（95%CI 1.16 - 2.13），GL风险有统计学显著趋势（p < 0.01）。当糖尿病患者被排除在分析之外时，结果基本不变。在性别、年龄、教育程度、吸烟习惯和体重指数各层中未出现异质性。
本研究支持饮食GL与白内障摘除风险之间存在正相关，且独立于糖尿病，而GI与之无关联。
