Gabriel Gülsah, Fodor Ervin
Heinrich-Pette-Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany,
Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 2014;385:35-60. doi: 10.1007/82_2014_386.
Viral pathogenesis involves numerous interactions between viral and cellular factors. In recent years, the influenza virus polymerase complex has emerged as a major determinant of interspecies transmission and pathogenicity. The viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, in concert with the nucleoprotein, mediates transcription and replication of the viral RNA genome in the nucleus of the infected cell. The activity by which the viral polymerase complex performs these processes in mammalian cells is considered to be a major contributor to viral pathogenicity in mammals. In this chapter, we summarise our current understanding on the pathogenicity determinants in the viral polymerase complex and highlight some of its cellular interaction partners. We particularly discuss the role of importin-α isoforms in host adaptation and pathogenesis as well as the role of the viral polymerase in regulating cellular responses to viral infection.
病毒致病机制涉及病毒和细胞因子之间的众多相互作用。近年来，流感病毒聚合酶复合体已成为种间传播和致病性的主要决定因素。病毒RNA依赖性RNA聚合酶与核蛋白协同作用，介导病毒RNA基因组在受感染细胞的细胞核中的转录和复制。病毒聚合酶复合体在哺乳动物细胞中执行这些过程的活性被认为是哺乳动物病毒致病性的主要促成因素。在本章中，我们总结了目前对病毒聚合酶复合体中致病性决定因素的理解，并突出了其一些细胞相互作用伙伴。我们特别讨论了输入蛋白-α亚型在宿主适应和发病机制中的作用以及病毒聚合酶在调节细胞对病毒感染反应中的作用。
