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肯尼亚中部的棘球绦虫属:一个不同的情况。

Echinococcus spp. in central Kenya: a different story.

作者信息

Mbaya H, Magambo J, Njenga S, Zeyhle E, Mbae C, Mulinge E, Wassermann M, Kern P, Romig T

机构信息

National Biosafety Authority, Nairobi, Kenya.

出版信息

Parasitol Res. 2014 Oct;113(10):3789-94. doi: 10.1007/s00436-014-4045-z. Epub 2014 Jul 24.

Abstract

Research on cystic echinococcosis (CE) has a long history in Kenya, but has mainly concentrated on two discrete areas, Turkana and Maasailand, which are known to be foci of human CE in Africa. Here, we report on a survey for CE in livestock from central to northeastern Kenya, from where no previous data are available. A total of 7,831 livestock carcasses were surveyed. CE prevalence was 1.92% in cattle (n = 4,595), 6.94% in camels (n = 216), 0.37% in goats (n = 2,955) and 4.62% in sheep (n = 65). Identification of the parasite was done using an RFLP-PCR of the mitochondrial nad1 gene, which had been validated before against the various Echinococcus taxa currently recognized as distinct species. From a total of 284 recovered cysts, 258 could be identified as Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto (n = 160), E. ortleppi (n = 51) and E. canadensis (n = 47) by RFLP-PCR of nad1. In cattle, fertile cysts occurred mostly in the lungs and belonged to E. ortleppi (31 of 54), while the vast majority were sterile or calcified cysts of E. granulosus s.s.. Most fertile cysts in camels belonged to E. canadensis (33 of 37); sterile or calcified cysts were rare. Goats harboured fertile cysts of E. ortleppi (n = 3)--which is the first record in that host species--and E. canadensis (n = 1), while all cysts of E. granulosus were sterile. Only sterile cysts were found in the three examined sheep. Typically, all cysts in animals with multiple infections belonged to the same species, while mixed infections were rare. Our data indicate that the epidemiological situation in central to northeastern Kenya is clearly different from the well-studied pastoral regions of Turkana and Maasailand, and the apparently low number of human CE cases correlates with the infrequent occurrence of E. granulosus s.s.

摘要

在肯尼亚,对囊型包虫病(CE)的研究历史悠久,但主要集中在图尔卡纳和马赛兰这两个不同的地区,这两个地区是非洲已知的人类囊型包虫病疫源地。在此,我们报告了一项对肯尼亚中部至东北部牲畜进行的囊型包虫病调查,此前该地区尚无相关数据。共调查了7831具牲畜尸体。牛(n = 4595)的囊型包虫病患病率为1.92%,骆驼(n = 216)为6.94%,山羊(n = 2955)为0.37%,绵羊(n = 65)为4.62%。通过线粒体nad1基因的RFLP-PCR对寄生虫进行鉴定,该方法此前已针对目前被确认为不同物种的各种棘球绦虫分类群进行了验证。在总共回收的284个囊肿中,通过nad1的RFLP-PCR可将258个鉴定为狭义细粒棘球绦虫(n = 160)、奥氏棘球绦虫(n = 51)和加拿大棘球绦虫(n = 47)。在牛中,有繁殖力的囊肿大多出现在肺部,属于奥氏棘球绦虫(54个中有31个),而绝大多数是狭义细粒棘球绦虫的不育或钙化囊肿。骆驼中大多数有繁殖力的囊肿属于加拿大棘球绦虫(37个中有33个);不育或钙化囊肿很少见。山羊体内有奥氏棘球绦虫(n = 3)——这是该宿主物种中的首次记录——和加拿大棘球绦虫(n = 1)的有繁殖力囊肿,而细粒棘球绦虫的所有囊肿均为不育囊肿。在所检查的三只绵羊中仅发现了不育囊肿。通常,多重感染动物体内所有囊肿属于同一物种,而混合感染很少见。我们的数据表明,肯尼亚中部至东北部的流行病学情况与图尔卡纳和马赛兰经过充分研究的牧区明显不同,而且人类囊型包虫病病例数量明显较少与狭义细粒棘球绦虫的罕见发生情况相关。

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