Casella M L, Schmidt-Lorenz W
Department of Food Science, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zürich.
Zentralbl Hyg Umweltmed. 1989 Sep;188(6):533-49.
The highest rate of inactivation of Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538), Streptococcus faecium (ATCC 6057) and spores of Bacillus subtilis var. niger (DSM 675) was observed at a relative humidity (RH) of 90-95%. At a RH of 60% D 0.75 mg HCHO l-1 air at 45 degrees C-values of 35 min and over 65 min were determined for S. aureus and for B. subtilis spores which decreased to D = 2.9 min and D = 20 min respectively at a RH of 90%. At 45 degrees C, an optimal formaldehyde (HCHO) concentration for the inactivation of S. aureus was within the range of 0.75 to 1.5 mg HCHO l-1 air, with D-values of 2.9 to 1.8 min respectively and for Bacillus subtilis spores from 1.5 to 3.2 mg HCHO l-1 air with D-values of 10.9 to 4.0 min respectively. The most effective bactericidal and sporicidal activity of HCHO was observed at temperatures ranging from 40 to 45 degrees C. The higher the exposure temperature the lower were the HCHO residues on 100 cm2 aluminium plates with a structured lacquer. Exposure to formaldehyde concentrations of 0.4 mg l-1 air for 60 minutes resulted in lower residual formaldehyde of 5.9, 5.6, 4.7 and 4.5 micrograms HCHO 100 cm-2 sample surface at 30, 35, 40 and 45 degrees C, respectively. In contrast, after exposures to 3.2 mg HCHO l-1 air residues of 48.5, 43.4, 35.6 and 30.6 micrograms HCHO 100 cm-2 were found at the same temperatures.
在相对湿度（RH）为90 - 95%时，观察到金黄色葡萄球菌（ATCC 6538）、粪肠球菌（ATCC 6057）和枯草芽孢杆菌黑色变种（DSM 675）孢子的最高失活率。在相对湿度为60%、45℃、空气中甲醛（HCHO）浓度为0.75 mg l⁻¹时，金黄色葡萄球菌和枯草芽孢杆菌孢子的D值分别为35分钟和超过65分钟，而在相对湿度为90%时，它们分别降至D = 2.9分钟和D = 20分钟。在45℃时，使金黄色葡萄球菌失活的最佳甲醛（HCHO）浓度范围为0.75至1.5 mg HCHO l⁻¹空气，D值分别为2.9至1.8分钟；对于枯草芽孢杆菌孢子，最佳浓度范围为1.5至3.2 mg HCHO l⁻¹空气，D值分别为10.9至4.0分钟。在40至45℃的温度范围内观察到甲醛最有效的杀菌和杀孢子活性。暴露温度越高，带有结构化漆的100 cm²铝板上的甲醛残留量越低。在30、35、40和45℃下，暴露于0.4 mg l⁻¹空气甲醛浓度60分钟后，100 cm⁻²样品表面的残留甲醛分别为5.9、5.6、4.7和4.5微克。相反，在相同温度下，暴露于3.2 mg HCHO l⁻¹空气后，发现100 cm⁻²的残留甲醛分别为48.5、43.4、35.6和30.6微克。
