de Araújo Aurigena Antunes, Soares Luiz Alberto Lira, Assunção Ferreira Magda Rhayanny, de Souza Neto Manoel André, da Silva Giselle Ribeiro, de Araújo Raimundo Fernandes, Guerra Gerlane Coelho Bernardo, de Melo Maria Celeste Nunes
Postgraduate program in Public Health, Postgraduate program in Pharmaceutical Science, Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Senador Salgado Filho, Campus Universitário, Lagoa Nova, 59072-970, Natal, RN, Brazil.
Postgraduate program in Pharmaceutical Science/Department of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Artur de Sá, Cidade Universitária, 50740-520, Recife, PE, Brazil.
J Ethnopharmacol. 2014 Oct 28;156:88-96. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.07.031. Epub 2014 Aug 12.
Vast numbers of plant species from northeastern Brazil have not yet been phytochemically or biologically evaluated.
The goal of this work was to obtain, characterize and show the antimicrobial, analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of aqueous and acetone-water extracts of Libidibia ferrea, Parapiptadenia rigida and Psidium guajava.
The plant material (100g) was dried, and the crude extracts were obtained by using turbo-extraction (10%; w/v) with water or acetone:water (7:3, v/v) as the extraction solvent. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods were used to screen the crude extracts for hydrolysable tannins (gallic acid) and condensed tannins (catechins). The antibacterial activity was evaluated by agar-diffusion and microdilution methods against Gram-positive strains (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Staphylococcus epidermidis INCQS 00016, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212 and a clinical isolate of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) as well as Gram-negative strains (Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Salmonella enteritidis INCQS 00258, Shigella flexneri and Klebsiella pneumoniae). To evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity, a leukocyte migration model was used. Analgesic activity was determined by the hot plate test and the acetic acid-induced abdominal writhing test. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) at a significance level of 5%.
Parapiptadenia rigida presented the highest amount of total polyphenols (35.82 ± 0.20%), while the greatest catechin content was found in the acetone-water extract of Psidium guajava (EAWPg; 1.04 μg/g). The largest amounts of catechins were found in the aqueous extract of Libidibia ferrea (EALf; 1.07 μg/g) and the acetone-water extract of Parapiptadenia rigida (EAWPr; 1.0 μg/g). All extracts showed activity against Gram-positive bacteria. The aqueous and acetone-water extracts of Psidium guajava showed the greatest inhibition zones in the agar diffusion tests. In the evaluation of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), the most susceptible Gram-positive bacterium was Staphylococcus epidermidis and the most susceptible Gram-negative bacterium was Shigella flexneri. EAPg and EAWPg showed the greatest MIC values. All extracts were significant inhibitors of leukocyte migration (p<0.05). Using the writhing test, significant analgesic activity was found for EAPr (50 mg/kg), EAWPr (100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg) and EAWPg (50 mg/kg) (p<0.05).
Thus, the appropriate extraction procedure preserves the chemical components such as gallic acid and catechin, and showed antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties.
巴西东北部大量植物物种尚未进行植物化学或生物学评估。
本研究的目的是获取、表征并展示铁荚豆、硬叶拟金合欢和番石榴水提取物及丙酮 - 水提取物的抗菌、镇痛和抗炎活性。
将植物材料（100克）干燥，以水或丙酮:水（7:3，v/v）作为提取溶剂，通过快速萃取（10%；w/v）获得粗提物。采用高效液相色谱（HPLC）方法筛选粗提物中的可水解单宁（没食子酸）和缩合单宁（儿茶素）。通过琼脂扩散法和微量稀释法评估对革兰氏阳性菌（金黄色葡萄球菌ATCC 25923、表皮葡萄球菌INCQS 00016、粪肠球菌ATCC 29212以及耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌临床分离株）和革兰氏阴性菌（大肠杆菌ATCC 25922、肠炎沙门氏菌INCQS 00258、福氏志贺氏菌和肺炎克雷伯菌）的抗菌活性。使用白细胞迁移模型评估抗炎活性。通过热板试验和醋酸诱导的扭体试验测定镇痛活性。数据采用方差分析（ANOVA），显著性水平为5%。
硬叶拟金合欢的总多酚含量最高（35.82 ± 0.20%），而番石榴丙酮 - 水提取物（EAWPg；1.04 μg/g）中的儿茶素含量最高。铁荚豆水提取物（EALf；1.07 μg/g）和硬叶拟金合欢丙酮 - 水提取物（EAWPr；1.0 μg/g）中的儿茶素含量最高。所有提取物均对革兰氏阳性菌有活性。番石榴水提取物和丙酮 - 水提取物在琼脂扩散试验中显示出最大的抑菌圈。在最低抑菌浓度（MIC）评估中，最敏感的革兰氏阳性菌是表皮葡萄球菌，最敏感的革兰氏阴性菌是福氏志贺氏菌。EAPg和EAWPg的MIC值最大。所有提取物均为白细胞迁移的显著抑制剂（p<0.05）。通过扭体试验，发现EAPr（50 mg/kg）、EAWPr（100 mg/kg和200 mg/kg）和EAWPg（50 mg/kg）具有显著的镇痛活性（p<0.05）。
因此，适当的提取方法可保留诸如没食子酸和儿茶素等化学成分，并显示出抗菌、抗炎和镇痛特性。
