Kurumada Chigusa, Brown Meredith, Bibyk Sarah, Pontillo Daniel F, Tanenhaus Michael K
Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, University of Rochester, United States.
Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, University of Rochester, United States.
Cognition. 2014 Nov;133(2):335-42. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2014.05.017. Epub 2014 Aug 14.
A visual world experiment examined the time course for pragmatic inferences derived from visual context and contrastive intonation contours. We used the construction It looks like an X pronounced with either (a) a H() pitch accent on the final noun and a low boundary tone, or (b) a contrastive L+H() pitch accent and a rising boundary tone, a contour that can support contrastive inference (e.g., It LOOKSL+Hlike a zebraL-H%… (but it is not)). When the visual display contained a single related set of contrasting pictures (e.g. a zebra vs. a zebra-like animal), effects of LOOKSL+H emerged prior to the processing of phonemic information from the target noun. The results indicate that the prosodic processing is incremental and guided by contextually-supported expectations. Additional analyses ruled out explanations based on context-independent heuristics that might substitute for online computation of contrast.
一项视觉世界实验研究了从视觉语境和对比语调轮廓中得出语用推理的时间进程。我们使用了 “It looks like an X” 这一结构，该结构在发音时要么（a）在最后一个名词上带有H（）音高重音和低边界调，要么（b）带有对比性的L+H（）音高重音和升调边界调，这种语调轮廓能够支持对比推理（例如，“It LOOKSL+Hlike a zebraL-H%…（但它不是）”）。当视觉展示包含一组单一的相关对比图片时（例如，一匹斑马与一种类似斑马的动物），“LOOKSL+H” 的效应在处理目标名词的音素信息之前就已出现。结果表明，韵律处理是渐进的，并受语境支持的预期所引导。进一步的分析排除了基于与语境无关的启发式方法的解释，这些方法可能会替代对比的在线计算。
