Lipson Mark, Loh Po-Ru, Patterson Nick, Moorjani Priya, Ko Ying-Chin, Stoneking Mark, Berger Bonnie, Reich David
Department of Mathematics and Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.
1] Department of Mathematics and Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA [2].
Nat Commun. 2014 Aug 19;5:4689. doi: 10.1038/ncomms5689.
Austronesian languages are spread across half the globe, from Easter Island to Madagascar. Evidence from linguistics and archaeology indicates that the 'Austronesian expansion,' which began 4,000-5,000 years ago, likely had roots in Taiwan, but the ancestry of present-day Austronesian-speaking populations remains controversial. Here, we analyse genome-wide data from 56 populations using new methods for tracing ancestral gene flow, focusing primarily on Island Southeast Asia. We show that all sampled Austronesian groups harbour ancestry that is more closely related to aboriginal Taiwanese than to any present-day mainland population. Surprisingly, western Island Southeast Asian populations have also inherited ancestry from a source nested within the variation of present-day populations speaking Austro-Asiatic languages, which have historically been nearly exclusive to the mainland. Thus, either there was once a substantial Austro-Asiatic presence in Island Southeast Asia, or Austronesian speakers migrated to and through the mainland, admixing there before continuing to western Indonesia.
南岛语系分布于全球一半的地区，从复活节岛到马达加斯加。语言学和考古学证据表明，始于4000至5000年前的“南岛语系扩张”可能起源于台湾，但现今南岛语系人群的祖先仍然存在争议。在此，我们使用追踪祖先基因流动的新方法，分析了56个群体的全基因组数据，主要聚焦于东南亚岛屿地区。我们发现，所有抽样的南岛语系群体都拥有与台湾原住民比与任何现今大陆人群更密切相关的祖先血统。令人惊讶的是，东南亚岛屿西部的人群还从一个嵌套在现今说南亚语系语言人群变异中的源头继承了祖先血统，而南亚语系历史上几乎只存在于大陆。因此，要么曾经有大量说南亚语系的人群存在于东南亚岛屿，要么说南岛语系的人群迁移到大陆并在那里混合，然后继续前往印度尼西亚西部。
