Hoeck Bente, Ledderer Loni, Hansen Helle Ploug
General Practice, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, J. B. Winsløws Vej 9, 5000, Odense C, Denmark,
Patient. 2015 Apr;8(2):127-43. doi: 10.1007/s40271-014-0076-x.
Getting cancer is stressful for most patients and their relatives, and research has shown that psychosocial support is needed. Still, cancer care fails to appropriately address psychosocial problems associated with cancer. Research on this topic is often seen from the perspective of either the patient or the relative, even though it is suggested that psychosocial support is beneficial for the patient and the relative as a pair. Furthermore, research on the need for psychosocial support rarely involves patients with gynecological and lung cancer and their relatives, even though they often suffer from isolation and stigmatization. The aim of this review was therefore to summarize knowledge about psychosocial support with regard to individual needs, involvement of significant others, and providers of psychosocial support focusing on this specific population.
A narrative review procedure was chosen. This method is a specific kind of review, which summarizes, explains, and interprets evidence on a selected topic. The review process was structured according to typical scholarly articles with attention to the search and review process.
A total of 16 studies were included in the review. The studies were divided into two main categories: (1) studies focusing on needs for psychosocial support; and (2) studies focusing on interventions. The needs studies were analyzed, and three themes emerged: the needs of the patient and the significant other across the cancer trajectory; the needs of the significant other as a carer; and needs and ongoing and tailored support. The intervention studies were directed toward the patient and the relative, the patient, or the relative. Five interventions comprising various forms of support that were purely supportive and were carried out by healthcare professionals were identified.
There were overlaps between the needs of the patient and the relative, but there were also distinctive characteristics of the needs in the two groups. The needs varied during the cancer trajectory, and we therefore recommend that support be offered continuously. It was also evident that the relatives should be involved in the patients' care and that the involvement was beneficial for both the patient and the relative.
患癌对大多数患者及其亲属来说压力巨大，研究表明他们需要心理社会支持。然而，癌症护理未能妥善解决与癌症相关的心理社会问题。尽管有人提出心理社会支持对患者及其亲属这一组合有益，但关于这一主题的研究往往要么从患者角度，要么从亲属角度进行。此外，关于心理社会支持需求的研究很少涉及妇科和肺癌患者及其亲属，尽管他们常常遭受孤立和污名化。因此，本综述的目的是总结关于心理社会支持的知识，并关注个体需求、重要他人的参与以及针对这一特定人群的心理社会支持提供者。
采用叙述性综述程序。该方法是一种特定类型的综述，它总结、解释并阐释关于选定主题的证据。综述过程按照典型学术文章的结构进行，并注重检索和综述过程。
本综述共纳入16项研究。这些研究分为两大类：（1）关注心理社会支持需求的研究；（2）关注干预措施的研究。对需求研究进行了分析，出现了三个主题：患者及其重要他人在癌症病程中的需求；作为照顾者的重要他人的需求；以及持续和量身定制的支持需求。干预研究针对患者及其亲属、患者或亲属。确定了五种由医护人员实施的、纯粹具有支持性的各种形式支持的干预措施。
患者和亲属的需求存在重叠，但两组需求也有各自的特点。需求在癌症病程中有所变化，因此我们建议持续提供支持。很明显，亲属应参与患者的护理，这种参与对患者和亲属都有益。
