Quinn-Lee Lisa, Olson-McBride Leah, Unterberger April
a Department of Social Work , University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire , Eau Claire , Wisconsin , USA.
J Soc Work End Life Palliat Care. 2014;10(3):219-39. doi: 10.1080/15524256.2014.938891.
Hospice work has been regarded as particularly stressful due to the complexity inherent in the provision of end-of-life care. Burnout and death anxiety are especially relevant to hospice social workers because they regularly function in a high-stress, high-loss environment. The purpose of this study was threefold: to determine the prevalence of burnout and death anxiety among hospice social workers; to examine associations between burnout and death anxiety; and to explore the factors which may contribute to the development of death anxiety and burnout. Participants completed four items: the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS), the Death Anxiety Questionnaire (DAQ), a demographic questionnaire, and a set of open-ended questions. Findings indicate that mean scores on the subscales of the MBI-HSS ranged from the low to moderate range and that a strong positive correlation existed between death anxiety and the depersonalization subscale of the MBI. Three key themes emerged from the qualitative data: (a) personal interest in hospice social work developed through a variety of ways; (b) although death anxiety decreased from exposure and understanding of the death process, there was increased death anxiety surrounding working with certain patients; and (c) burnout was primarily related to workload or difficult cases.
由于临终关怀服务内在的复杂性，临终关怀工作被认为压力特别大。职业倦怠和死亡焦虑与临终关怀社会工作者尤为相关，因为他们经常在高压力、高损失的环境中工作。本研究的目的有三个：确定临终关怀社会工作者中职业倦怠和死亡焦虑的患病率；研究职业倦怠与死亡焦虑之间的关联；探索可能导致死亡焦虑和职业倦怠产生的因素。参与者完成了四项内容：马氏职业倦怠量表-人类服务调查（MBI-HSS）、死亡焦虑问卷（DAQ）、一份人口统计学问卷和一组开放式问题。研究结果表明，MBI-HSS各分量表的平均得分处于低到中等范围，且死亡焦虑与MBI的去个性化分量表之间存在强正相关。定性数据中出现了三个关键主题：（a）对临终关怀社会工作的个人兴趣通过多种方式形成；（b）尽管对死亡过程的接触和理解使死亡焦虑有所降低，但在与某些患者合作时死亡焦虑有所增加；（c）职业倦怠主要与工作量或疑难病例有关。
