Mallett K, Price J H, Jurs S G, Slenker S
Department of Health Promotion, University of Toledo, OH 43606.
Psychol Rep. 1991 Jun;68(3 Pt 2):1347-59. doi: 10.2466/pr0.1991.68.3c.1347.
The present study was undertaken to compare the occupational stress, levels of burnout, death anxiety, and the social support of a national sample of 376 hospice and critical care nurses. t tests indicated that critical care nurses reported significantly more occupational stress, showed higher burnout, and experienced more death anxiety than hospice nurses. The two nursing groups differed significantly when the three components of the Maslach Burnout Inventory were compared: hospice nurses reported feeling less emotional exhaustion, utilized the technique of depersonalization less frequently, and experienced a greater sense of personal accomplishment. The two nursing groups did not differ in social support when both the quantity and quality of that construct were examined. Pearson coefficients indicated positive associations between burnout and occupational stress and between burnout and death anxiety, with a negative relationship between burnout and social support.
本研究旨在比较376名临终关怀和重症护理护士全国样本的职业压力、倦怠水平、死亡焦虑及社会支持情况。t检验表明，重症护理护士报告的职业压力显著更大，倦怠程度更高，且比临终关怀护士经历更多的死亡焦虑。当比较马氏倦怠量表的三个分量表时，两个护理群体存在显著差异：临终关怀护士报告的情感耗竭感较低，较少使用去个性化技术，且个人成就感更强。在考察社会支持的数量和质量时，两个护理群体在社会支持方面没有差异。皮尔逊系数表明，倦怠与职业压力之间、倦怠与死亡焦虑之间呈正相关，而倦怠与社会支持之间呈负相关。
