Blaya Josefa, López-Mondéjar Rubén, Lloret Eva, Pascual Jose Antonio, Ros Margarita
Department of Soil and Water Conservation and Organic Waste Management, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS-CSIC), Campus de Espinardo, P.O. Box 164, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain.
Department of Soil and Water Conservation and Organic Waste Management, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS-CSIC), Campus de Espinardo, P.O. Box 164, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain.
Pestic Biochem Physiol. 2013 Sep;107(1):112-9. doi: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2013.06.001. Epub 2013 Jun 12.
The addition of species of Trichoderma to compost is a widespread technique used to control different plant diseases. The biological control activity of these species is mainly attributable to a combination of several mechanisms of action, which may affect the microbiota involved in the suppressiveness of compost. This study was therefore performed to determine the effect of inoculation of Trichoderma harzianum (T. harzianum) on compost, focusing on bacterial community structure (16S rRNA) and chitinase gene diversity. In addition, the ability of vineyard pruning waste compost, amended (GCTh) or not (GC) with T. harzianum, to suppress Fusarium wilt was evaluated. The addition of T. harzianum resulted in a high relative abundance of certain chitinolytic bacteria as well as in remarkable protection against Fusarium oxysporum comparable to that induced by compost GC. Moreover, variations in the abiotic characteristics of the media, such as pH, C, N and iron levels, were observed. Despite the lower diversity of chitinolytic bacteria found in GCTh, the high relative abundance of Streptomyces spp. may be involved in the suppressiveness of this growing media. The higher degree of compost suppressiveness achieved after the addition of T. harzianum may be due not only to its biocontrol ability, but also to changes promoted in both abiotic and biotic characteristics of the growing media.
在堆肥中添加木霉菌种是一种广泛用于控制不同植物病害的技术。这些菌种的生物防治活性主要归因于多种作用机制的组合，这可能会影响参与堆肥抑制作用的微生物群。因此，本研究旨在确定哈茨木霉（T. harzianum）接种对堆肥的影响，重点关注细菌群落结构（16S rRNA）和几丁质酶基因多样性。此外，还评估了添加（GCTh）或未添加（GC）哈茨木霉的葡萄园修剪废弃物堆肥抑制枯萎病的能力。添加哈茨木霉导致某些几丁质分解细菌的相对丰度较高，并且对尖孢镰刀菌具有与GC堆肥诱导的相当的显著保护作用。此外，还观察到培养基的非生物特性（如pH值、碳、氮和铁含量）的变化。尽管在GCTh中发现的几丁质分解细菌多样性较低，但链霉菌属的高相对丰度可能与这种生长培养基的抑制作用有关。添加哈茨木霉后堆肥抑制性的提高可能不仅归因于其生物防治能力，还归因于生长培养基的非生物和生物特性的变化。
