Kotrotsiou Evagelia, Gouva Mary, Kotrotsiou Stiliani, Malliarou Maria, Paralikas Theodosios
Technological Institution of Thessaly Nursing Department.
Glob J Health Sci. 2014 May 8;6(5):30-7. doi: 10.5539/gjhs.v6n5p30.
The concept of care is a fundamental issue in nursing science. Therefore the development and the use of tools for assessing care is an imperative for the nursing profession. The NDI-35 questionnaire is one such tool for assessing the nursing care.
The purpose of this paper is to adapt and use the NDI-35 questionnaire in Greek nursing practice. A translation and validation of NDI-35 questionnaire is performed.
Exploratory factor analyses, as well as internal consistency and test-retest analyses, were conducted. Forward translations from English were produced by three independent Greek translators and then back translations by five independent bilingual translators. The Greek NDI-35 questionnaire that was produced was administered to 200 nurses (144 women and 56 men) from tertiary and secondary health care facilities. Data were analyzed using principal component analysis and Cronbach's alpha.
One hundred and eighty four nurses that answered the NDI-35 questionnaire were graduates from the Technological Educational Institute (T.E.I.) and 64% of the respondents had more than 15 years of professional experience. Two subscales arbitrarily called "clinical work" and "patient needs" emerged, with the mean "clinical work" subscale score being at 70.16 ±12.90 (a maximum of 85) and mean "patient needs" subscale at 21.49± 6.16. Considerable differences in scoring among different items were observed when the NDI-35 answers were compared to their Greek counterparts'. Results confirmed that: (a) the translated versions are an accurate translation of the original, (b) factor analyses established similar factor solutions as that of the English versions, (c) reliability coefficients are satisfactory (i.e., Cronbach's ? coefficients and test-retests), and (d) construct validity revealed similarities between English and Greek versions, replications consistent with past research, as well as differences explained through theoretical frameworks. Therefore, both scales were accepted as valid and reliable measures in Greek-speaking populations.
Alphas and test-retest correlation suggest the Greek translated and validated NDI-35 questionnaire is a reliable tool for assessing nursing care. Factor analysis and focus group input suggest it is a valid tool. Nurses in different settings may perceive nursing care differently. The findings of the current paper are discussed in the context of nurse education and assessment of care.
护理理念是护理科学中的一个基本问题。因此，开发和使用护理评估工具对护理专业来说势在必行。NDI - 35问卷就是这样一种用于评估护理的工具。
本文旨在使NDI - 35问卷在希腊护理实践中得以应用并进行验证，对其进行翻译和验证。
进行探索性因素分析以及内部一致性和重测分析。由三位独立的希腊翻译人员将英文进行正向翻译，然后由五位独立的双语翻译人员进行回译。将生成的希腊语NDI - 35问卷发放给来自三级和二级医疗保健机构的200名护士（144名女性和56名男性）。使用主成分分析和克朗巴哈系数对数据进行分析。
回答NDI - 35问卷的184名护士毕业于技术教育学院（T.E.I.），64%的受访者拥有超过15年的专业经验。出现了两个任意命名为“临床工作”和“患者需求”的子量表，“临床工作”子量表的平均得分为70.16±12.90（满分85分），“患者需求”子量表的平均得分为21.49±6.16。当将NDI - 35的答案与其希腊语对应版本进行比较时，观察到不同项目得分存在显著差异。结果证实：（a）翻译版本是原文的准确翻译；（b）因素分析得出了与英文版本相似的因素解决方案；（c）信度系数令人满意（即克朗巴哈系数和重测结果）；（d）结构效度揭示了英文和希腊语版本之间的相似性、与以往研究一致的重复性以及通过理论框架解释的差异。因此，这两个量表在希腊语人群中均被视为有效且可靠的测量工具。
阿尔法系数和重测相关性表明，经翻译和验证的希腊语NDI - 35问卷是评估护理的可靠工具。因素分析和焦点小组意见表明它是一个有效的工具。不同环境中的护士对护理的认知可能不同。本文的研究结果在护士教育和护理评估的背景下进行了讨论。
