Zumla Alimuddin, Memish Ziad A, Maeurer Markus, Bates Matthew, Mwaba Peter, Al-Tawfiq Jaffar A, Denning David W, Hayden Frederick G, Hui David S
Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University College London Hospitals, London, UK; University of Zambia-University College London Research and Training Project, University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia; Global Center for Mass Gatherings Medicine, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Global Center for Mass Gatherings Medicine, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Al-Faisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Lancet Infect Dis. 2014 Nov;14(11):1136-1149. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(14)70828-X. Epub 2014 Sep 1.
The emergence and spread of antimicrobial-resistant bacterial, viral, and fungal pathogens for which diminishing treatment options are available is of major global concern. New viral respiratory tract infections with epidemic potential, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome, swine-origin influenza A H1N1, and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection, require development of new antiviral agents. The substantial rise in the global numbers of patients with respiratory tract infections caused by pan-antibiotic-resistant Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and multiazole-resistant fungi has focused attention on investments into development of new drugs and treatment regimens. Successful treatment outcomes for patients with respiratory tract infections across all health-care settings will necessitate rapid, precise diagnosis and more effective and pathogen-specific therapies. This Series paper describes the development and use of new antimicrobial agents and immune-based and host-directed therapies for a range of conventional and emerging viral, bacterial, and fungal causes of respiratory tract infections.
治疗选择日益减少的抗菌耐药细菌、病毒和真菌病原体的出现与传播是全球主要关注的问题。具有流行潜力的新型病毒性呼吸道感染，如严重急性呼吸综合征、甲型H1N1猪流感和中东呼吸综合征冠状病毒感染，需要研发新的抗病毒药物。全球范围内，由泛抗生素耐药革兰氏阳性和革兰氏阴性细菌、多重耐药结核分枝杆菌以及多唑耐药真菌引起的呼吸道感染患者数量大幅增加，这使得人们将注意力集中在对新药和治疗方案研发的投资上。在所有医疗环境中，呼吸道感染患者要想获得成功的治疗结果，就必须进行快速、精确的诊断，并采用更有效且针对病原体的疗法。本系列文章描述了针对一系列常见和新型病毒性、细菌性及真菌性呼吸道感染病因的新型抗菌药物以及基于免疫和宿主导向疗法的研发与应用。
