Gandolfi Maria Giovanna, Siboni Francesco, Botero Tatiana, Bossù Maurizio, Riccitiello Francesco, Prati Carlo
1 Unit of Odontostomatological Sciences, Laboratory of Biomaterials and Oral Pathology, Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna - Italy.
J Appl Biomater Funct Mater. 2015 Jan-Mar;13(1):43-60. doi: 10.5301/jabfm.5000201. Epub 2014 Sep 4.
The chemical-physical properties of novel and long-standing calcium silicate cements versus conventional pulp capping calcium hydroxide biomaterials were compared.
Calcium hydroxide-based (Calxyl, Dycal, Life, Lime-Lite) and calcium silicate-based (ProRoot MTA, MTA Angelus, MTA Plus, Biodentine, Tech Biosealer capping, TheraCal) biomaterials were examined. Calcium and hydroxyl ion release, water sorption, interconnected open pores, apparent porosity, solubility and apatite-forming ability in simulated body fluid were evaluated.
All calcium silicate materials released more calcium. Tech Biosealer capping, MTA Plus gel and Biodentine showed the highest values of calcium release, while Lime-Lite the lowest. All the materials showed alkalizing activity except for Life and Lime-Lite. Calcium silicate materials showed high porosity values: Tech Biosealer capping, MTA Plus gel and MTA Angelus showed the highest values of porosity, water sorption and solubility, while TheraCal the lowest. The solubility of water-containing materials was higher and correlated with the liquid-to-powder ratio. Calcium phosphate (CaP) deposits were noted on materials surfaces after short aging times. Scant deposits were detected on Lime-Lite. A CaP coating composed of spherulites was detected on all calcium silicate materials and Dycal after 28 days. The thickness, continuity and Ca/P ratio differed markedly among the materials. MTA Plus showed the thickest coating, ProRoot MTA showed large spherulitic deposits, while TheraCal presented very small dense spherulites.
calcium silicate-based cements are biointeractive (ion-releasing) bioactive (apatite-forming) functional biomaterials. The high rate of calcium release and the fast formation of apatite may well explain the role of calcium silicate biomaterials as scaffold to induce new dentin bridge formation and clinical healing.
比较新型和长期使用的硅酸钙水门汀与传统盖髓氢氧化钙生物材料的物理化学性质。
检测了基于氢氧化钙的（Calxyl、Dycal、Life、Lime-Lite）和基于硅酸钙的（ProRoot MTA、MTA Angelus、MTA Plus、Biodentine、Tech Biosealer盖髓剂、TheraCal）生物材料。评估了钙和氢氧根离子释放、吸水率、相互连通的开孔、显气孔率、溶解度以及在模拟体液中的磷灰石形成能力。
所有硅酸钙材料释放的钙更多。Tech Biosealer盖髓剂、MTA Plus凝胶和Biodentine的钙释放值最高，而Lime-Lite最低。除了Life和Lime-Lite外，所有材料均显示出碱化活性。硅酸钙材料显示出较高的气孔率值：Tech Biosealer盖髓剂、MTA Plus凝胶和MTA Angelus的气孔率、吸水率和溶解度最高，而TheraCal最低。含水材料的溶解度更高，且与液粉比相关。短时间老化后，在材料表面观察到磷酸钙（CaP）沉积。在Lime-Lite上检测到的沉积物很少。28天后，在所有硅酸钙材料和Dycal上检测到由球晶组成的CaP涂层。材料之间的涂层厚度、连续性和Ca/P比差异显著。MTA Plus的涂层最厚，ProRoot MTA显示出大的球晶沉积物，而TheraCal呈现出非常小的致密球晶。
基于硅酸钙的水门汀是具有生物相互作用（离子释放）、生物活性（磷灰石形成）的功能性生物材料。高钙释放率和磷灰石的快速形成很可能解释了硅酸钙生物材料作为支架诱导新牙本质桥形成和临床愈合的作用。
