Gandolfi Maria Giovanna, Siboni Francesco, Primus Carolyn M, Prati Carlo
Laboratory of Biomaterials and Oral Pathology, Unit of Odontostomatological Sciences, Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
Laboratory of Biomaterials and Oral Pathology, Unit of Odontostomatological Sciences, Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
J Endod. 2014 Oct;40(10):1632-7. doi: 10.1016/j.joen.2014.03.025. Epub 2014 May 10.
The aim of this study was to evaluate MTA Plus (Prevest Denpro Limited, Jammu, India, for Avalon Biomed Inc) material's properties, namely calcium release, the pH change, solubility, water sorption, porosity, surface morphology, and apatite-forming ability after immersion in simulated body fluid.
Two tricalcium silicate powders (MTA Plus and ProRoot MTA; Dentsply Tulsa Specialties, Tulsa, OK) and Dycal (Dentsply Caulk, Milford, DE) were tested. After incubation at 37°C and 99% relative humidity, calcium and hydroxyl ion release were tested up to 28 days in deionized water at 37°C. Water absorption, interconnected pores, apparent porosity, and solubility were measured after 24 hours of immersion in deionized water at 37°C. The morphologic and elemental analysis of the materials' surfaces were examined using an environmental scanning electron microscope/energy dispersive x-ray analysis after storage at 37°C for 1-28 days in simulated body fluid using the ISO 23317 method.
All 3 materials created an alkaline pH within 3 hours, which continued for 28 days. MTA Plus had a higher ion release than ProRoot MTA and Dycal; the use of the MTA Plus gel enhanced the initial calcium release and the increase of the pH. Both MTA materials were more porous, water soluble, and water sorptive than Dycal and more bioactive. After aging in simulated body fluid, MTA Plus material caused precipitation of an apparent calcium phosphate layer.
MTA Plus showed improved reactivity and prolonged capability to release calcium and increase the local pH to alkaline values in comparison with ProRoot MTA. These pronounced ion-releasing properties are interlinked with its noticeable porosity, water sorption, and solubility and with the formation of calcium phosphorus minerals. The finer calcium silicate powder may explain the higher ion release, water sorption, porosity, and solubility of MTA Plus compared with ProRoot MTA. For clinicians, MTA Plus represents a lower-cost bioactive tricalcium silicate material with interesting chemical-physical properties that could be a convenient alternative to the conventional calcium silicate mineral trioxide aggregate-like cements.
本研究的目的是评估MTA Plus（由印度查谟的Prevest Denpro Limited公司生产，用于阿瓦隆生物医学公司）材料的性能，即钙释放、pH值变化、溶解度、吸水性、孔隙率、表面形态以及浸泡在模拟体液后形成磷灰石的能力。
测试了两种硅酸三钙粉末（MTA Plus和ProRoot MTA；美国俄克拉荷马州塔尔萨市登士柏 Tulsa Specialties公司）以及Dycal（美国特拉华州米尔福德市登士柏Caulk公司）。在37°C和99%相对湿度下孵育后，于37°C的去离子水中测试钙和氢氧根离子释放长达28天。在37°C的去离子水中浸泡24小时后测量吸水率、连通孔隙、显气孔率和溶解度。使用环境扫描电子显微镜/能量色散X射线分析，按照ISO 23317方法，在模拟体液中于37°C储存1 - 28天后，检查材料表面的形态和元素分析。
所有三种材料在3小时内使pH值变为碱性，并持续28天。MTA Plus比ProRoot MTA和Dycal具有更高的离子释放；使用MTA Plus凝胶可增强初始钙释放和pH值升高。两种MTA材料比Dycal更具多孔性、水溶性和吸水性，且生物活性更高。在模拟体液中老化后，MTA Plus材料导致明显的磷酸钙层沉淀。
与ProRoot MTA相比，MTA Plus显示出更高的反应活性以及延长的钙释放能力和将局部pH值提高到碱性值的能力。这些显著的离子释放特性与其明显的孔隙率、吸水性和溶解度以及钙磷矿物的形成相关。更细的硅酸三钙粉末可能解释了MTA Plus与ProRoot MTA相比更高的离子释放、吸水性、孔隙率和溶解度。对于临床医生而言，MTA Plus是一种成本较低的具有有趣化学物理性质的生物活性硅酸三钙材料，可能是传统硅酸钙类三氧化物聚合体水泥的便捷替代品。
