Doescher Mark P, Lee Chanam, Berke Ethan M, Adachi-Mejia Anna M, Lee Chun-Kuen, Stewart Orion, Patterson Davis G, Hurvitz Philip M, Carlos Heather A, Duncan Glen E, Moudon Anne Vernez
Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
Landscape Architecture Urban Planning, College of Architecture, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
Prev Med. 2014 Dec;69:80-6. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2014.08.027. Epub 2014 Sep 6.
The role of the built environment on walking in rural United States (U.S.) locations is not well characterized. We examined self-reported and measured built environment correlates of walking for utilitarian purposes among adult residents of small rural towns.
In 2011-12, we collected telephone survey and geographic data from 2152 adults in 9 small towns from three U.S. regions. We performed mixed-effects logistic regression modeling to examine relationships between built environment measures and utilitarian walking ("any" versus "none"; "high" [≥150min per week] versus "low" [<150min per week]) to retail, employment and public transit destinations.
Walking levels were lower than those reported for populations living in larger metropolitan areas. Environmental factors significantly (p<0.05) associated with higher odds of utilitarian walking in both models included self-reported presence of crosswalks and pedestrian signals and availability of park/natural recreational areas in the neighborhood, and also objectively measured manufacturing land use.
Environmental factors associated with utilitarian walking in cities and suburbs were important in small rural towns. Moreover, manufacturing land use was associated with utilitarian walking. Modifying the built environment of small towns could lead to increased walking in a sizeable segment of the U.S. population.
在美国农村地区，建筑环境对步行的影响尚未得到充分描述。我们研究了美国农村小镇成年居民为实用目的步行的自我报告和测量的建筑环境相关因素。
在2011 - 12年，我们从美国三个地区的9个小镇的2152名成年人中收集了电话调查和地理数据。我们进行了混合效应逻辑回归建模，以研究建筑环境指标与前往零售、就业和公共交通目的地的实用步行之间的关系（“有”步行与“无”步行；“高”[每周≥150分钟]与“低”[每周<150分钟]）。
步行水平低于居住在大城市地区人群的报告水平。在两个模型中，与实用步行几率较高显著相关（p<0.05）的环境因素包括自我报告的人行横道和行人信号灯的存在、社区公园/自然休闲区域的可用性，以及客观测量的制造业土地利用情况。
与城市和郊区实用步行相关的环境因素在农村小镇也很重要。此外，制造业土地利用与实用步行相关。改善小镇的建筑环境可能会使相当一部分美国人口的步行量增加。
