步行与建成环境的相关性：综述
Built environment correlates of walking: a review.
作者信息
Saelens Brian E, Handy Susan L
机构信息
Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington and Children's Hospital and Regional Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
出版信息
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2008 Jul;40(7 Suppl):S550-66. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0b013e31817c67a4.
INTRODUCTION
The past decade has seen a dramatic increase in empirical investigation into the relations between built environment and physical activity. To create places that facilitate and encourage walking, practitioners need an understanding of the specific characteristics of the built environment that correlate most strongly with walking. This article reviews evidence on the built environment correlates with walking.
METHOD
Included in this review were 13 reviews published between 2002 and 2006 and 29 original studies published in 2005 and up through May 2006. Results were summarized based on specific characteristics of the built environment and transportation walking versus recreational walking.
RESULTS
Previous reviews and newer studies document consistent positive relations between walking for transportation and density, distance to nonresidential destinations, and land use mix; findings for route/network connectivity, parks and open space, and personal safety are more equivocal. Results regarding recreational walking were less clear.
CONCLUSIONS
More recent evidence supports the conclusions of prior reviews, and new studies address some of the limitations of earlier studies. Although prospective studies are needed, evidence on correlates appears sufficient to support policy changes.
引言
在过去十年中，针对建筑环境与身体活动之间关系的实证研究急剧增加。为了打造便于并鼓励步行的场所，从业者需要了解与步行关联最为紧密的建筑环境的具体特征。本文回顾了与步行相关的建筑环境方面的证据。
方法
本综述纳入了2002年至2006年间发表的13篇综述以及2005年至2006年5月期间发表的29项原创研究。根据建筑环境的具体特征以及交通步行与休闲步行的情况对结果进行了总结。
结果
先前的综述和较新的研究表明，交通步行与密度、到非居住目的地的距离以及土地利用混合之间存在一致的正相关关系；关于路线/网络连通性、公园和开放空间以及人身安全的研究结果则更为模糊。休闲步行方面的结果不太明确。
结论
最新证据支持先前综述的结论，新研究也解决了早期研究的一些局限性。尽管需要进行前瞻性研究，但关于相关因素的证据似乎足以支持政策变革。
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