Lichten Michael
Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Building 37, Room 6124, 37 Convent Drive MSC4260, Bethesda, MD, 20892-4260, USA,
Methods Mol Biol. 2014;1205:13-28. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4939-1363-3_2.
The power of Saccharomyces cerevisiae as an experimental organism derives from its genetic tractability. Mutant variants can be isolated or constructed and phenotypically characterized with relative ease. In addition, the ability to recover and characterize all four products of meiosis, as haploid spores in a tetrad ascus, greatly facilitates determining the allelic composition of variants, measuring linkage relationships between alleles, and constructing new allele combinations for the analysis of genetic interactions. Saccharomyces cerevisiae also is a preeminent model organism for the study of meiotic recombination, by analysis of tetrads, by analysis of populations of single spores (often called random spore analysis), and by direct monitoring of recombination at the DNA level. This chapter contains methods for tetrad dissection, for random spore preparation, and for preparing DNA for molecular analysis from liquid cultures undergoing synchronous meiosis.
酿酒酵母作为一种实验生物体的优势源于其遗传易操作性。突变变体能够相对容易地被分离或构建，并进行表型特征分析。此外，由于能够以四分体子囊中的单倍体孢子形式回收和表征减数分裂的所有四种产物，这极大地有助于确定变体的等位基因组成、测量等位基因之间的连锁关系以及构建新的等位基因组合以分析遗传相互作用。通过四分体分析、单孢子群体分析（通常称为随机孢子分析）以及在DNA水平直接监测重组，酿酒酵母也是研究减数分裂重组的卓越模式生物。本章包含四分体解剖、随机孢子制备以及从进行同步减数分裂的液体培养物中制备用于分子分析的DNA的方法。
