Schuldiner Oren, Yaron Avraham
Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Sciences, 7610001, Rehovot, Israel,
Cell Mol Life Sci. 2015 Jan;72(1):101-19. doi: 10.1007/s00018-014-1729-6. Epub 2014 Sep 12.
The precise wiring of the nervous system is a combined outcome of progressive and regressive events during development. Axon guidance and synapse formation intertwined with cell death and neurite pruning sculpt the mature circuitry. It is now well recognized that pruning of dendrites and axons as means to refine neuronal networks, is a wide spread phenomena required for the normal development of vertebrate and invertebrate nervous systems. Here we will review the arising principles of cellular and molecular mechanisms of neurite pruning. We will discuss these principles in light of studies in multiple neuronal systems, and speculate on potential explanations for the emergence of neurite pruning as a mechanism to sculpt the nervous system.
神经系统的精确布线是发育过程中渐进性和退行性事件共同作用的结果。轴突导向和突触形成与细胞死亡和神经突修剪相互交织，塑造了成熟的神经回路。现在人们已经充分认识到，作为优化神经网络的手段，树突和轴突的修剪是脊椎动物和无脊椎动物神经系统正常发育所需的广泛现象。在这里，我们将回顾神经突修剪的细胞和分子机制的相关原理。我们将根据多个神经元系统的研究来讨论这些原理，并推测神经突修剪作为一种塑造神经系统的机制出现的潜在解释。
