Weitzman Matthew, Hahn Klaus M
Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Lineberger Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
Curr Opin Cell Biol. 2014 Oct;30:112-20. doi: 10.1016/j.ceb.2014.08.004. Epub 2014 Sep 15.
Optogenetics, the use of genetically encoded tools to control protein function with light, can generate localized changes in signaling within living cells and animals. For years it has been focused on channel proteins for neurobiology, but has recently expanded to cover many different types of proteins, using a broad array of different protein engineering approaches. These methods have largely been directed at proteins involved in motility, cytoskeletal regulation and gene expression. This review provides a survey of non-channel proteins that have been engineered for optogenetics. Existing molecules are used to illustrate the advantages and disadvantages of the many imaginative new approaches that the reader can use to create light-controlled proteins.
光遗传学是利用基因编码工具通过光来控制蛋白质功能，它能够在活细胞和动物体内产生信号的局部变化。多年来，它一直专注于用于神经生物学的通道蛋白，但最近已扩展到涵盖许多不同类型的蛋白质，采用了各种各样不同的蛋白质工程方法。这些方法主要针对参与运动、细胞骨架调节和基因表达的蛋白质。本综述对已被设计用于光遗传学的非通道蛋白进行了概述。现有的分子被用来阐明许多富有想象力的新方法的优缺点，读者可以利用这些方法来创建光控蛋白。
