Mann Ethan E, Manna Dipankar, Mettetal Michael R, May Rhea M, Dannemiller Elisa M, Chung Kenneth K, Brennan Anthony B, Reddy Shravanthi T
Sharklet Technologies, Inc, 12635 E. Montview Blvd, Suite 160, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
Antimicrob Resist Infect Control. 2014 Sep 17;3:28. doi: 10.1186/2047-2994-3-28. eCollection 2014.
Bacterial surface contamination contributes to transmission of nosocomial infections. Chemical cleansers used to control surface contamination are often toxic and incorrectly implemented. Additional non-toxic strategies should be combined with regular cleanings to mitigate risks of human error and further decrease rates of nosocomial infections. The Sharklet micropattern (MP), inspired by shark skin, is an effective tool for reducing bacterial load on surfaces without toxic additives. The studies presented here were carried out to investigate the MP surfaces capability to reduce colonization of methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) compared to smooth control surfaces.
The MP and smooth surfaces produced in acrylic film were compared for remaining bacterial contamination and colonization following inoculation. Direct sampling of surfaces was carried out after inoculation by immersion, spray, and/or touch methods. Ultimately, a combination assay was developed to assess bacterial contamination after touch transfer inoculation combined with drying (persistence) to mimic common environmental contamination scenarios in the clinic or hospital environment. The combination transfer and persistence assay was then used to test antimicrobial copper beside the MP for the ability to reduce MSSA and MRSA challenge.
The MP reduced bacterial contamination with log reductions ranging from 87-99% (LR = 0.90-2.18; p < 0.05) compared to smooth control surfaces. The MP was more effective than the 99.9% pure copper alloy C11000 at reducing surface contamination of S. aureus (MSSA and MRSA) through transfer and persistence of bacteria. The MP reduced MSSA by as much as 97% (LR = 1.54; p < 0.01) and MRSA by as much as 94% (LR = 1.26; p < 0.005) compared to smooth controls. Antimicrobial copper had no significant effect on MSSA contamination, but reduced MRSA contamination by 80% (LR = 0.70; p < 0.005).
The assays developed in this study mimic hospital environmental contamination events to demonstrate the performance of a MP to limit contamination under multiple conditions. Antimicrobial copper has been implemented in hospital room studies to evaluate its impact on nosocomial infections and a decrease in HAI rate was shown. Similar implementation of the MP has potential to reduce the incidence of HAIs although future clinical studies will be necessary to validate the MP's true impact.
细菌表面污染会导致医院感染的传播。用于控制表面污染的化学清洁剂通常有毒且使用不当。应将其他无毒策略与常规清洁相结合，以降低人为失误风险，并进一步降低医院感染率。受鲨鱼皮启发的鲨基微图案（MP）是一种无需添加有毒添加剂就能有效降低表面细菌负荷的工具。本文开展的研究旨在调查与光滑对照表面相比，MP表面减少甲氧西林敏感金黄色葡萄球菌（MSSA）和耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（MRSA）定植的能力。
对接种后丙烯酸薄膜制成的MP表面和光滑表面的残留细菌污染和定植情况进行比较。接种后通过浸泡、喷雾和/或触摸方法对表面进行直接采样。最终，开发了一种联合检测方法，以评估触摸转移接种并干燥（持久性）后模拟临床或医院环境中常见环境污染情况后的细菌污染。然后使用联合转移和持久性检测方法测试MP旁边的抗菌铜减少MSSA和MRSA攻击的能力。
与光滑对照表面相比，MP使细菌污染对数减少87%-99%（LR = 0.90-2.18；p < 0.05）。通过细菌转移和持久性，MP在减少金黄色葡萄球菌（MSSA和MRSA）表面污染方面比99.9%的纯铜合金C11000更有效。与光滑对照相比，MP使MSSA减少多达97%（LR = 1.54；p < 0.01），使MRSA减少多达94%（LR = 1.26；p < 0.005）。抗菌铜对MSSA污染无显著影响，但使MRSA污染减少80%（LR = 0.70；p < 0.005）。
本研究开发的检测方法模拟医院环境污染事件，以证明MP在多种条件下限制污染的性能。抗菌铜已在医院病房研究中应用，以评估其对医院感染的影响，并显示医院获得性感染率有所下降。MP的类似应用有可能降低医院获得性感染的发生率，尽管未来需要进行临床研究来验证MP的真正影响。
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