Roux Lisa, Buzsáki György
NYU Neuroscience Institute, School of Medicine and Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY 10016, USA.
NYU Neuroscience Institute, School of Medicine and Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY 10016, USA.
Neuropharmacology. 2015 Jan;88:10-23. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2014.09.011. Epub 2014 Sep 17.
Synaptic inhibition, brought about by a rich variety of interneuron types, counters excitation, modulates the gain, timing, tuning, bursting properties of principal cell firing, and exerts selective filtering of synaptic excitation. At the network level, it allows for coordinating transient interactions among the principal cells to form cooperative assemblies for efficient transmission of information and routing of excitatory activity across networks, typically in the form of brain oscillations. Recent techniques based on targeted expression of neuronal activity modulators, such as optogenetics, allow physiological identification and perturbation of specific interneuron subtypes in the intact brain. Combined with large-scale recordings or imaging techniques, these approaches facilitate our understanding of the multiple roles of inhibitory interneurons in shaping circuit functions.
由多种中间神经元类型产生的突触抑制可对抗兴奋，调节增益、时间、调谐、主细胞放电的爆发特性，并对突触兴奋进行选择性过滤。在网络层面，它能够协调主细胞之间的瞬时相互作用，形成协同组件，以实现信息的高效传递以及兴奋性活动在网络间的路由，通常以脑振荡的形式出现。基于神经元活动调节剂靶向表达的最新技术，如光遗传学，能够在完整大脑中对特定中间神经元亚型进行生理学鉴定和干扰。结合大规模记录或成像技术，这些方法有助于我们理解抑制性中间神经元在塑造电路功能中的多种作用。
