Beck Kathryn L, Conlon Cathryn A, Kruger Rozanne, Coad Jane
Institute of Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Health, Massey University, Private Bag 102 904, North Shore City 0745, New Zealand.
Nutrients. 2014 Sep 19;6(9):3747-76. doi: 10.3390/nu6093747.
Iron deficiency is a concern in both developing and developed (industrialized) countries; and young women are particularly vulnerable. This review investigates dietary determinants of and possible solutions to iron deficiency in young women living in industrialized countries. Dietary factors including ascorbic acid and an elusive factor in animal protein foods (meat; fish and poultry) enhance iron absorption; while phytic acid; soy protein; calcium and polyphenols inhibit iron absorption. However; the effects of these dietary factors on iron absorption do not necessarily translate into an association with iron status and iron stores (serum ferritin concentration). In cross-sectional studies; only meat intake has consistently (positively) been associated with higher serum ferritin concentrations. The enhancing effects of ascorbic acid and meat on iron absorption may be negated by the simultaneous consumption of foods and nutrients which are inhibitory. Recent cross-sectional studies have considered the combination and timing of foods consumed; with mixed results. Dietary interventions using a range of focused dietary measures to improve iron status appear to be more effective than dietary approaches that focus on single nutrients or foods. Further research is needed to determine optimal dietary recommendations for both the prevention and treatment of iron deficiency.
缺铁在发展中国家和发达国家（工业化国家）都是一个值得关注的问题；年轻女性尤其易受影响。本综述调查了工业化国家年轻女性缺铁的饮食决定因素及可能的解决办法。包括抗坏血酸和动物蛋白食物（肉类、鱼类和家禽）中一种难以捉摸的因素在内的饮食因素可促进铁的吸收；而植酸、大豆蛋白、钙和多酚则抑制铁的吸收。然而，这些饮食因素对铁吸收的影响不一定会转化为与铁状态和铁储存（血清铁蛋白浓度）的关联。在横断面研究中，只有肉类摄入量一直（呈正相关）与较高的血清铁蛋白浓度相关。抗坏血酸和肉类对铁吸收的促进作用可能会被同时摄入的抑制性食物和营养素所抵消。最近的横断面研究考虑了所摄入食物的组合和时间，结果不一。使用一系列针对性饮食措施改善铁状态的饮食干预似乎比专注于单一营养素或食物的饮食方法更有效。需要进一步研究以确定预防和治疗缺铁的最佳饮食建议。
