Lick David J, Johnson Kerri L
University of California, Los Angeles, USA
University of California, Los Angeles, USA.
Pers Soc Psychol Bull. 2014 Nov;40(11):1494-506. doi: 10.1177/0146167214549323. Epub 2014 Sep 22.
Perceivers use visual information to categorize others into social groups. That said, anecdotal reports suggest that perceivers are more comfortable making some categorizations (race, sex) than others (sexual orientation) on the basis of such limited information, perhaps because they hold differing beliefs about the diagnosticity of visual cues to those categories. The current studies tested this hypothesis empirically. We first developed a new measure-the Diagnosticity Scale-to assess beliefs about the diagnosticity of visual cues to diverse social categories. Next, we demonstrated that diagnosticity beliefs explain response tendencies in social perception, such that weak beliefs in the diagnosticity of visual cues to a given category predict biases toward the non-stigmatized, default response option. Collectively, these studies introduce the Diagnosticity Scale as a valid measure of perceivers' beliefs in visual cues to social categories, which help to explain some noteworthy biases in social perception.
感知者利用视觉信息将他人归类到不同的社会群体中。话虽如此，轶事报告表明，基于如此有限的信息，感知者在进行某些分类（种族、性别）时比其他分类（性取向）时更自在，这可能是因为他们对这些类别视觉线索的诊断性持有不同的信念。当前的研究对这一假设进行了实证检验。我们首先开发了一种新的测量方法——诊断性量表——来评估对不同社会类别的视觉线索诊断性的信念。接下来，我们证明了诊断性信念可以解释社会感知中的反应倾向，即对给定类别视觉线索诊断性的信念较弱会预测对非污名化、默认反应选项的偏见。总体而言，这些研究引入了诊断性量表，作为衡量感知者对社会类别视觉线索信念的有效方法，这有助于解释社会感知中一些值得注意的偏见。
