Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Eur J Immunol. 2014 Nov;44(11):3156-65. doi: 10.1002/eji.201344404. Epub 2014 Oct 27.
Aspergillosis is an infection or allergic response caused by fungi of the genus Aspergillus. The most common forms of aspergillosis are allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, chronic pulmonary aspergillosis, and invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. Aspergillus also plays an important role in fungal sensitized asthma. Humans inhale Aspergillus spores every day and when the host is immunocompromised, Aspergillus spp. may cause severe pulmonary disease. There is increasing evidence that the microbiome plays a significant role in immune regulation, chronic inflammatory diseases, metabolism, and other physiological processes, including recovery from the effects of antibiotic treatment. Bacterial microbiome mediated resistance mechanisms probably play a major role in limiting fungal colonization of the lungs, and may therefore prevent humans from contracting Aspergillus-related diseases. In this perspective, we review this emerging area of research and discuss the role of the microbiome in aspergillosis, role of Aspergillus in the microbiome, and the influence of the microbiome on anti-Aspergillus host defense and its role in preventing aspergillosis.
曲霉菌病是一种由曲霉菌属真菌引起的感染或过敏反应。最常见的曲霉菌病形式包括变应性支气管肺曲霉病、慢性肺曲霉病和侵袭性肺曲霉病。曲霉菌在真菌致敏性哮喘中也起着重要作用。人类每天都会吸入曲霉菌孢子，当宿主免疫功能低下时，曲霉菌属可能会导致严重的肺部疾病。越来越多的证据表明，微生物组在免疫调节、慢性炎症性疾病、代谢和其他生理过程中发挥着重要作用，包括从抗生素治疗的影响中恢复。细菌微生物组介导的耐药机制可能在限制肺部真菌感染中起主要作用，因此可能防止人类患上与曲霉菌相关的疾病。在这一视角下，我们综述了这一新兴研究领域，并讨论了微生物组在曲霉菌病中的作用、曲霉菌在微生物组中的作用、微生物组对抗曲霉菌宿主防御的影响及其在预防曲霉菌病中的作用。
