Departments of Periodontology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoungnam, Gyeonggi-do, Korea.
Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Gangwon-do, Korea.
J Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2014 Oct 30;20(4):483-90. doi: 10.5056/jnm14052. Epub 2014 Sep 26.
BACKGROUND/AIMS: The relationship between halitosis and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) remains controversial. The aim of this study was to investigate an association between subjective and objective halitosis and GERD.
The subjects were enrolled from participants who visited a health promotion center at Seoul National University Bundang Hospital. For diagnosis of halitosis, a questionnaire was requested, and volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs) were measured by Halimeter. Self-conscious halitosis was defined as halitosis perceived by himself or herself. Informed halitosis was defined as hal-itosis perceived by others. Objective halitosis was defined when mean VSCs values were > 100 parts per billion. GERD was defined based on a questionnaire and endoscopy, including erosive esophagitis and non-erosive reflux disease (NERD).
A total of 54 subjects (male:female = 33:21) with mean age of 46.0 ± 11.4 years were analyzed. The mean VSCs values were not significantly different between presence and absence of self-conscious halitosis (P = 0.322), but significantly different be-tween presence and absence of informed halitosis (P = 0.021). Informed halitosis was associated with objective halitosis (P = 0.039). GERD, erosive esophagitis and NERD did not correlate with objective halitosis (P = 0.556, 0.206 and 0.902, re-spectively). In multivariable analysis, the relationship between objective halitosis and GERD symptoms including chest pain, heart burn, acid regurgitation, epigastric pain, hoarseness, globus sensation and coughing was not significant. Besides, GERD was not associated with self-conscious halitosis, informed halitosis and objective halitosis, respectively.
GERD might not be associated with self-conscious, informed halitosis and objective halitosis indicated by Halimeter results. Informed halitosis could be correlated with objective halitosis determined by the Halimeter.(J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2014;20:483-490).
背景/目的：口臭与胃食管反流病（GERD）之间的关系仍存在争议。本研究旨在探讨口臭的主观和客观表现与 GERD 之间的关系。
研究对象来自首尔国立大学盆唐医院健康促进中心的参与者。为了诊断口臭，我们要求填写一份问卷，并使用 Halimeter 测量挥发性硫化合物（VSCs）。自我感知口臭定义为自己感知到的口臭。他人感知口臭定义为他人感知到的口臭。当平均 VSCs 值>100 十亿分之一时，定义为客观口臭。GERD 根据问卷和内镜检查诊断，包括糜烂性食管炎和非糜烂性反流病（NERD）。
共分析了 54 名（男：女=33：21）年龄为 46.0±11.4 岁的受试者。自我感知口臭存在和不存在时的 VSCs 值无显著差异（P=0.322），但他人感知口臭存在和不存在时的 VSCs 值有显著差异（P=0.021）。他人感知口臭与客观口臭相关（P=0.039）。GERD、糜烂性食管炎和 NERD 与客观口臭均无相关性（P=0.556、0.206 和 0.902）。多变量分析显示，客观口臭与 GERD 症状（胸痛、烧心、胃酸反流、上腹痛、声音嘶哑、异物感和咳嗽）之间无显著关系。此外，GERD 与自我感知口臭、他人感知口臭和客观口臭均无相关性。
GERD 可能与自我感知口臭、他人感知口臭和 Halimeter 结果显示的客观口臭无关。他人感知口臭可能与 Halimeter 确定的客观口臭相关。（J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2014;20:483-490）。
