Visone Valeria, Vettone Antonella, Serpe Mario, Valenti Anna, Perugino Giuseppe, Rossi Mosè, Ciaramella Maria
Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, National Research Council of Italy, Naples 80131, Italy.
Int J Mol Sci. 2014 Sep 25;15(9):17162-87. doi: 10.3390/ijms150917162.
In all organisms of the three living domains (Bacteria, Archaea, Eucarya) chromosome-associated proteins play a key role in genome functional organization. They not only compact and shape the genome structure, but also regulate its dynamics, which is essential to allow complex genome functions. Elucidation of chromatin composition and regulation is a critical issue in biology, because of the intimate connection of chromatin with all the essential information processes (transcription, replication, recombination, and repair). Chromatin proteins include architectural proteins and DNA topoisomerases, which regulate genome structure and remodelling at two hierarchical levels. This review is focussed on architectural proteins and topoisomerases from hyperthermophilic Archaea. In these organisms, which live at high environmental temperature (>80 °C <113 °C), chromatin proteins and modulation of the DNA secondary structure are concerned with the problem of DNA stabilization against heat denaturation while maintaining its metabolic activity.
在三个生命域（细菌、古菌、真核生物）的所有生物体中，与染色体相关的蛋白质在基因组功能组织中发挥着关键作用。它们不仅使基因组结构紧凑并塑造其形状，还调节其动态变化，这对于实现复杂的基因组功能至关重要。由于染色质与所有基本信息过程（转录、复制、重组和修复）密切相关，阐明染色质的组成和调控是生物学中的一个关键问题。染色质蛋白包括结构蛋白和DNA拓扑异构酶，它们在两个层次水平上调节基因组结构和重塑。本综述聚焦于嗜热古菌的结构蛋白和拓扑异构酶。在这些生活在高温环境（>80°C <113°C）中的生物体中，染色质蛋白和DNA二级结构的调节涉及到在维持DNA代谢活性的同时防止其热变性的DNA稳定问题。
