Steiner Don J, Furuya Yoichi, Metzger Dennis W
Center for Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA.
Infect Drug Resist. 2014 Sep 18;7:239-51. doi: 10.2147/IDR.S53700. eCollection 2014.
Francisella tularensis is an intracellular Gram-negative bacterium that causes life-threatening tularemia. Although the prevalence of natural infection is low, F. tularensis remains a tier I priority pathogen due to its extreme virulence and ease of aerosol dissemination. F. tularensis can infect a host through multiple routes, including the intradermal and respiratory routes. Respiratory infection can result from a very small inoculum (ten organisms or fewer) and is the most lethal form of infection. Following infection, F. tularensis employs strategies for immune evasion that delay the immune response, permitting systemic distribution and induction of sepsis. In this review we summarize the current knowledge of F. tularensis in an immunological context, with emphasis on the host response and bacterial evasion of that response.
土拉弗朗西斯菌是一种细胞内革兰氏阴性菌，可引起危及生命的兔热病。尽管自然感染的发生率较低，但由于其极强的毒力和易于通过气溶胶传播，土拉弗朗西斯菌仍然是一级优先病原体。土拉弗朗西斯菌可通过多种途径感染宿主，包括皮内和呼吸道途径。呼吸道感染可能由极少量的接种物（十个或更少的菌体）引起，是最致命的感染形式。感染后，土拉弗朗西斯菌采用免疫逃避策略来延迟免疫反应，从而实现全身扩散并引发败血症。在这篇综述中，我们总结了在免疫学背景下关于土拉弗朗西斯菌的当前知识，重点是宿主反应以及细菌对该反应的逃避。
