Küüsmaa-Schildt Maria, Eklund Daniela, Avela Janne, Rytkönen Tuomas, Newton Robert, Izquierdo Mikel, Häkkinen Keijo
Department of Biology of Physical Activity, Univeristy of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.
School of Exercise, Biomedical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia.
Int J Sports Med. 2017 Sep;38(9):707-716. doi: 10.1055/s-0043-101376. Epub 2017 Jul 13.
The present study examined the effects of 24 weeks of morning vs. evening same-session combined strength (S) and endurance (E) training on neuromuscular and endurance performance. Fifty-one men were assigned to the morning (m) or evening (e) training group, where S preceded E or vice versa (SE, ES, SE and ES), or to the control group. Isometric force, voluntary activation, EMG and peak wattage during the maximal cycling test were measured. Training time did not significantly affect the adaptations. Therefore, data are presented for SE (SE+SE) and ES (ES+ES). In the morning, no order specific gains were observed in neuromuscular performance. In the evening, the changes in isometric force (SE 15.9±16.7%, p=0.001; ES 4.1±12.2%, p=0.615) and EMG (SE 38.3±31.7%, p=0.001; ES 14.67±36.44%, p=0.486) were larger (p=0.014) in SE than in ES and in voluntary activation larger (p=0.026) in SE compared to controls. Peak wattage increased in the morning (SE 15.9±9.2%, ES 22.0±7.0%; p<0.001) and evening (SE 16.3±7.2%, ES 21.0±9.0%; p<0.001) but were larger (p<0.05) in ES. The current training program led to greater neuromuscular adaptations when SE-training was performed in the evening, whereas the ES-training provided more optimal conditions for endurance performance adaptations both in the morning and evening.
本研究考察了为期24周的晨练与晚练同时间段联合力量（S）和耐力（E）训练对神经肌肉和耐力表现的影响。51名男性被分配到晨练组（m）或晚练组（e），其中力量训练先于耐力训练或反之（SE、ES、SE和ES），或被分配到对照组。测量了最大骑行测试期间的等长肌力、自主激活、肌电图和峰值功率。训练时间对适应性没有显著影响。因此，呈现的是SE（SE+SE）和ES（ES+ES）的数据。在早晨，神经肌肉表现未观察到特定顺序的增益。在晚上，等长肌力（SE为15.9±16.7%，p=0.001；ES为4.1±12.2%，p=0.615）和肌电图（SE为38.3±31.7%，p=0.001；ES为14.67±36.44%，p=0.486）的变化在SE组比ES组更大（p=0.014），且SE组的自主激活相比对照组更大（p=0.026）。峰值功率在早晨（SE为15.9±9.2%，ES为22.0±7.0%；p<0.001）和晚上（SE为16.3±7.2%，ES为21.0±9.0%；p<0.001）均增加，但ES组更大（p<0.05）。当在晚上进行SE训练时，当前训练方案导致更大的神经肌肉适应性，而ES训练在早晨和晚上都为耐力表现适应性提供了更优条件。
