Biggs Adam T, Mitroff Stephen R
Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
Br J Psychol. 2015 Nov;106(4):551-63. doi: 10.1111/bjop.12096. Epub 2014 Sep 30.
Professional visual searches, such as those conducted by airport security personnel, often demand highly accurate performance. As many factors can hinder accuracy, it is critical to understand the potential influences. Here, we examined how explicit decision-making criteria might affect multiple-target search performance. Non-professional searchers (college undergraduates) and professional searchers (airport security officers) classified trials as 'safe' or 'dangerous', in one of two conditions. Those in the 'one = dangerous' condition classified trials as dangerous if they found one or two targets, and those in the 'one = safe' condition only classified trials as dangerous if they found two targets. The data suggest an important role of context that may be mediated by experience; non-professional searchers were more likely to miss a second target in the one = dangerous condition (i.e., when finding a second found target did not change the classification), whereas professional searchers were more likely to miss a second in the one = safe condition.
专业的视觉搜索，比如机场安检人员所进行的搜索，通常要求具备高度准确的表现。由于诸多因素会妨碍准确性，了解潜在影响至关重要。在此，我们研究了明确的决策标准可能如何影响多目标搜索表现。非专业搜索者（大学生）和专业搜索者（机场安检人员）在两种条件之一中将试验分类为“安全”或“危险”。在“一个 = 危险”条件下的人员，如果发现一个或两个目标，就将试验分类为危险；而在“一个 = 安全”条件下的人员，只有在发现两个目标时才将试验分类为危险。数据表明情境可能通过经验起作用的重要作用；非专业搜索者在“一个 = 危险”条件下更有可能错过第二个目标（即当发现第二个目标不会改变分类时），而专业搜索者在“一个 = 安全”条件下更有可能错过第二个目标。
