Timulak Ladislav
Trinity College Dublin, Ireland.
Psychol Psychother. 2010 Nov;83(4):421-47. doi: 10.1348/147608310X499404.
Significant events research represents a specific approach to studying client-identified important moments in the therapy process. The current study provides an overview of the significant events research conducted, the methodology used together with findings and implications.
PsychInfo database was searched with keywords such as significant events, important events, significant moments, important moments, and counselling or psychotherapy. The references of the selected studies were also searched. This process led to the identification of 41 primary studies that used client-identified significant event(s) as a main or secondary focus of the study. These were consequently reviewed with regard to their methodology and findings. The findings are presented according to type of study conducted.
The impacts of helpful events reported by clients are focused on contributions to therapeutic relationship and to in-session outcomes. Hindering events focus on some client disappointment with the therapist or therapy. The group therapy modality highlighted additional helpful impacts (like learning from others). Perspectives on what is significant in therapy differ between clients and therapists. The intensive qualitative studies reviewed confirm that the processes involved in significant events are complex and ambiguous. Studies show that the helpful events may also contain many hindering elements and that specific events are deeply contextually embedded in the preceding events of therapy.
Some studies suggest that helpful significant events are therapeutically productive although this may need to be established further. Specific intensive studies show that the clients' perceptions in therapy may differ dramatically from that of the therapist. Furthermore, the relational and emotional aspects of significant moments may be more important for the clients than the cognitive aspects of therapy which are frequently stressed by therapists.
重大事件研究代表了一种研究来访者所确定的治疗过程中重要时刻的特定方法。本研究概述了已开展的重大事件研究、所使用的方法以及研究结果和启示。
使用“重大事件”“重要事件”“重大时刻”“重要时刻”以及“咨询或心理治疗”等关键词在PsychInfo数据库中进行检索。还检索了所选研究的参考文献。这一过程共确定了41项以来访者所确定的重大事件为主要或次要研究重点的初步研究。随后对这些研究的方法和结果进行了综述。研究结果根据所开展的研究类型进行呈现。
来访者报告的有益事件的影响主要集中在对治疗关系和治疗期间结果的贡献上。阻碍事件则集中在来访者对治疗师或治疗的某些失望情绪上。团体治疗模式突出了额外的有益影响（如向他人学习）。来访者和治疗师对治疗中重要内容的看法存在差异。所综述的深入定性研究证实，重大事件所涉及的过程复杂且模糊。研究表明，有益事件可能也包含许多阻碍因素，而且特定事件在治疗的先前事件中有着深刻的背景嵌入。
一些研究表明，有益的重大事件具有治疗效果，尽管这可能需要进一步证实。具体的深入研究表明，来访者在治疗中的看法可能与治疗师的看法有很大差异。此外，重大时刻的关系和情感方面对来访者而言可能比治疗师经常强调的治疗认知方面更为重要。
