Zahodne Laura B, Nowinski Cindy J, Gershon Richard C, Manly Jennifer J
Department of Neurology and Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and The Aging Brain, Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York 10032, USA
Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago 60611, USA.
Arch Clin Neuropsychol. 2014 Nov;29(7):663-9. doi: 10.1093/arclin/acu045. Epub 2014 Oct 3.
We examined whether the reserve capacity model can be extended to cognitive outcomes among older African Americans. Two hundred and ninety-two non-Hispanic Whites and 37 African Americans over age 54 participated in the normative study for the NIH Toolbox for the Assessment of Neurological and Behavioral Function. Multiple-group path analysis showed that associations between depressive symptoms and cognition differed by race, independent of age, education, reading level, income, health, and recruitment site. Depressive symptoms were associated with slowed processing speed among Whites and worse task-switching, inhibition, and episodic memory among African Americans. African Americans may be more vulnerable to negative effects of depression on cognition than non-Hispanic Whites. Further research is needed to explicate the psychological and neurobiological underpinnings of this greater vulnerability.
我们研究了储备能力模型是否可以扩展至老年非裔美国人的认知结果。292名非西班牙裔白人以及37名54岁以上的非裔美国人参与了美国国立卫生研究院神经和行为功能评估工具箱的常模研究。多组路径分析表明，抑郁症状与认知之间的关联因种族而异，不受年龄、教育程度、阅读水平、收入、健康状况和招募地点的影响。抑郁症状在白人中与处理速度减慢有关，而在非裔美国人中则与任务转换、抑制和情景记忆较差有关。非裔美国人可能比非西班牙裔白人更容易受到抑郁症对认知的负面影响。需要进一步研究以阐明这种更大易感性的心理和神经生物学基础。
