University of Connecticut School of Nursing, 231 Glenbrook Rd, Storrs, CT 06269, USA ; Center for Health Intervention and Prevention, University of Connecticut, 2006 Hillside Rd, Unit 1248, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
Department of Medicine, Division of General Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02215, USA ; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
Int Breastfeed J. 2014 Sep 21;9:16. doi: 10.1186/1746-4358-9-16. eCollection 2014.
Cross-cultural adaptation is a necessary process to effectively use existing instruments in other cultural and language settings. The process of cross-culturally adapting, including translation, of existing instruments is considered a critical set to establishing a meaningful instrument for use in another setting. Using a multi-step approach is considered best practice in achieving cultural and semantic equivalence of the adapted version. We aimed to ensure the content validity of our instruments in the cultural context of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.
The Iowa Infant Feeding Attitudes Scale, Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale-Short Form and additional items comprise our consolidated instrument, which was cross-culturally adapted utilizing a multi-step approach during August 2012. Cross-cultural adaptation was achieved through steps to maintain content validity and attain semantic equivalence in the target version. Specifically, Lynn's recommendation to apply an item-level content validity index score was followed. The revised instrument was translated and back-translated. To ensure semantic equivalence, Brislin's back-translation approach was utilized followed by the committee review to address any discrepancies that emerged from translation.
Our consolidated instrument was adapted to be culturally relevant and translated to yield more reliable and valid results for use in our larger research study to measure infant feeding determinants effectively in our target cultural context.
Undertaking rigorous steps to effectively ensure cross-cultural adaptation increases our confidence that the conclusions we make based on our self-report instrument(s) will be stronger. In this way, our aim to achieve strong cross-cultural adaptation of our consolidated instruments was achieved while also providing a clear framework for other researchers choosing to utilize existing instruments for work in other cultural, geographic and population settings.
跨文化适应是在其他文化和语言环境中有效使用现有工具的必要过程。跨文化适应过程，包括现有工具的翻译，被认为是建立有意义的工具用于另一种环境的关键步骤。使用多步骤方法被认为是实现适应版本文化和语义等效性的最佳实践。我们旨在确保我们的工具在南非夸祖鲁-纳塔尔省的文化背景下具有内容有效性。
爱荷华婴儿喂养态度量表、母乳喂养自我效能量表-短表和其他项目构成了我们的综合工具，该工具于 2012 年 8 月利用多步骤方法进行了跨文化适应。通过保持内容有效性和实现目标版本中的语义等效性的步骤来实现跨文化适应。具体来说，遵循了 Lynn 建议的应用项目级内容有效性指数得分。对修订后的工具进行了翻译和回译。为了确保语义等效性，采用了 Brislin 的回译方法，然后由委员会审查解决从翻译中出现的任何差异。
我们的综合工具进行了文化适应性调整，以产生更可靠和有效的结果，用于我们的更大研究，以有效地测量我们目标文化背景下的婴儿喂养决定因素。
采取严格的步骤来有效地确保跨文化适应增加了我们的信心，即我们根据自我报告工具得出的结论将更加强有力。通过这种方式，我们实现了我们的综合工具的强有力的跨文化适应的目标，同时为其他研究人员在其他文化、地理和人群环境中使用现有工具提供了一个清晰的框架。
