Ochoa-Repáraz Javier, Kasper Lloyd H
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA.
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA.
FEBS Lett. 2014 Nov 17;588(22):4214-22. doi: 10.1016/j.febslet.2014.09.024. Epub 2014 Oct 5.
Humans are colonized after birth by microbial organisms that form a heterogeneous community, collectively termed microbiota. The genomic pool of this macro-community is named microbiome. The gut microbiota is essential for the complete development of the immune system, representing a binary network in which the microbiota interact with the host providing important immune and physiologic function and conversely the bacteria protect themselves from host immune defense. Alterations in the balance of the gut microbiome due to a combination of environmental and genetic factors can now be associated with detrimental or protective effects in experimental autoimmune diseases. These gut microbiome alterations can unbalance the gastrointestinal immune responses and influence distal effector sites leading to CNS disease including both demyelination and affective disorders. The current range of risk factors for MS includes genetic makeup and environmental elements. Of interest to this review is the consistency between this range of MS risk factors and the gut microbiome. We postulate that the gut microbiome serves as the niche where different MS risk factors merge, thereby influencing the disease process.
人类在出生后就被微生物群落定殖，这些微生物群落形成一个异质性群体，统称为微生物群。这个大群体的基因组库被称为微生物组。肠道微生物群对于免疫系统的完全发育至关重要，它代表了一个二元网络，其中微生物群与宿主相互作用，提供重要的免疫和生理功能，反之，细菌保护自己免受宿主免疫防御。由于环境和遗传因素的综合作用导致的肠道微生物组平衡改变，现在可能与实验性自身免疫性疾病中的有害或保护作用相关。这些肠道微生物组改变会使胃肠道免疫反应失衡，并影响远端效应部位，导致包括脱髓鞘和情感障碍在内的中枢神经系统疾病。目前多发性硬化症的一系列风险因素包括基因构成和环境因素。本综述感兴趣的是这一系列多发性硬化症风险因素与肠道微生物组之间的一致性。我们推测，肠道微生物组是不同多发性硬化症风险因素汇聚的生态位，从而影响疾病进程。
