Chung Adrienne H, Rimal Rajiv N
The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.
Health Educ Behav. 2015 Apr;42(2):249-56. doi: 10.1177/1090198114550824. Epub 2014 Oct 5.
Reducing stigma against people living with HIV is key to encouraging HIV testing, which in turn is an important component in the treatment-as-prevention approach. We analyzed nationally representative survey data of participants aged 15 years and older in Namibia (N = 4,300) to determine whether knowledge about HIV and self-efficacy to protect against sexually transmitted HIV would be independently and jointly associated with stigma against people living with HIV, after controlling for demographics. Findings indicated that having less knowledge and feeling less self-efficacy were associated with greater stigma. Our key interaction hypothesis was also supported: stigma among those with lower self-efficacy to reduce risk of sexually transmitted HIV infection was particularly sensitive to the effects of increased knowledge about HIV. Results highlight the importance of enriching knowledge about HIV transmission modes, prevention strategies, and support services among those with low self-efficacy in order to reduce stigma against people living with HIV, and has useful implications for designing anti-stigma campaigns.
减少对艾滋病毒感染者的污名化是鼓励艾滋病毒检测的关键，而艾滋病毒检测又是治疗即预防方法的一个重要组成部分。我们分析了纳米比亚15岁及以上参与者具有全国代表性的调查数据（N = 4300），以确定在控制人口统计学因素后，关于艾滋病毒的知识以及预防性传播艾滋病毒的自我效能感是否会独立且共同地与对艾滋病毒感染者的污名化相关联。研究结果表明，知识较少和自我效能感较低与更高的污名化相关。我们的关键交互作用假设也得到了支持：在降低性传播艾滋病毒感染风险方面自我效能感较低的人群中的污名化，对增加艾滋病毒知识的影响尤为敏感。结果凸显了在自我效能感较低的人群中丰富关于艾滋病毒传播方式、预防策略和支持服务的知识对于减少对艾滋病毒感染者的污名化的重要性，并且对设计反污名化运动具有有益的启示。
