Beck Amanda P, Brooks Amos, Zeiss Caroline J
Section of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, Scripps Florida, Jupiter, Florida, USA.
Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
Comp Med. 2014 Aug;64(4):314-22.
In the United States, breast cancer is the most common malignancy among women, with an estimated lifetime incidence of approximately 12% in American women. Invasive ductal carcinoma is the most common form of breast cancer in women, accounting for approximately 60% of all breast carcinomas. Prognostic markers are used to assess aggressiveness, invasiveness, and extent of spread of a neoplasm and thus may be correlated with patient survival. Immunohistochemistry is currently widely used for this purpose, with a variety of prognostication markers available. Classic markers for breast cancer in women include estrogen and progesterone receptor steroid hormone proteins and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2. Many additional markers have been used in diagnosis and prognostication, including p53, p63, and E-cadherin and cell proliferation markers such as Ki67. Despite an estimated lifetime incidence of approximately 6.1%, naturally occurring mammary neoplasms in nonhuman primates are uncommonly reported, with only sporadic references over the past 75 y. The majority of reported tumors occur in rhesus macaques, although this prevalence has been suggested to be a consequence of their high frequency of usage in biomedical research. Here we present 2 cases of mammary carcinoma in adult female intact rhesus macaques, with cytology, histopathology, and extensive immunohistochemical analysis. According to current classifications for human breast tumors, both tumors were classified as invasive ductal carcinoma. The prognostic value of immunohistochemical markers in human breast cancer and in reported cases in nonhuman primates is discussed.
在美国，乳腺癌是女性中最常见的恶性肿瘤，美国女性的终生发病率估计约为12%。浸润性导管癌是女性乳腺癌最常见的形式，约占所有乳腺癌的60%。预后标志物用于评估肿瘤的侵袭性、浸润性和扩散程度，因此可能与患者生存率相关。免疫组织化学目前广泛用于此目的，有多种预后标志物可供使用。女性乳腺癌的经典标志物包括雌激素和孕激素受体类固醇激素蛋白以及人表皮生长因子受体2。许多其他标志物已用于诊断和预后评估，包括p53、p63和E-钙黏蛋白以及细胞增殖标志物如Ki67。尽管估计终生发病率约为6.1%，但非人类灵长类动物中自然发生的乳腺肿瘤却很少被报道，在过去75年中仅有零星提及。大多数报道的肿瘤发生在恒河猴身上，不过有人认为这种高发病率是它们在生物医学研究中被频繁使用的结果。在此，我们报告2例成年雌性未绝育恒河猴的乳腺癌病例，并进行了细胞学、组织病理学和广泛的免疫组织化学分析。根据目前人类乳腺肿瘤的分类，这两个肿瘤均被归类为浸润性导管癌。本文还讨论了免疫组织化学标志物在人类乳腺癌以及非人类灵长类动物已报道病例中的预后价值。
