Hawley Patricia H
College of Education, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA.
Evol Psychol. 2014 Apr 29;12(2):318-42. doi: 10.1177/147470491401200204.
Developmental science has long evolutionary roots and has historically focused on individual differences. Accordingly, developmental models can inform conversations about phylogeny and personality. The present paper evokes life history theory to describe a theoretical model of competitive behavior that applies to both children and adults (resource control theory: RCT). The model suggests that prosocial and coercive behavior, though different in manifest form, serve similar evolutionary functions. Accordingly, RCT presents a view on social dominance that gives primacy to function over form that contrasts sharply from traditional views. This reformulation gives rise to novel questions (both developmental and non-developmental) and challenges long accepted views on prosociality (e.g., that it is altruistic) and aggression (e.g., that it is maladaptive). Similarly, RCT gives rise to a minority perspective that aligns aggression with social competence.
发展科学有着悠久的进化根源，并且在历史上一直关注个体差异。因此，发展模型可以为有关系统发育和个性的讨论提供信息。本文援引生命史理论来描述一种适用于儿童和成人的竞争行为理论模型（资源控制理论：RCT）。该模型表明，亲社会行为和强制行为虽然在表现形式上有所不同，但具有相似的进化功能。因此，资源控制理论提出了一种关于社会支配地位的观点，该观点将功能置于形式之上，这与传统观点形成了鲜明对比。这种重新表述引发了新的问题（包括发展性和非发展性问题），并挑战了长期以来关于亲社会行为（例如，它是利他的）和攻击行为（例如，它是适应不良的）的公认观点。同样，资源控制理论产生了一种少数派观点，即将攻击行为与社会能力联系起来。
