Ismail Hassan Ahmed Hassan Ahmed, Hong Sung-Tae, Babiker Azza Tag Eldin Bashir, Hassan Randa Mohamed Abd Elgadir, Sulaiman Mohammed Ahmed Zakaria, Jeong Hoo-Gn, Kong Woo-Hyun, Lee Soon-Hyung, Cho Han-Ik, Nam Hae-Sung, Oh Chung Hyeon, Lee Young-Ha
Departments of Infection Biology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 301-131, Korea.
Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 110-799, Korea.
Parasit Vectors. 2014 Oct 15;7:478. doi: 10.1186/s13071-014-0478-6.
We investigated the prevalence, risk factors, and clinical manifestations of schistosomiasis in White Nile State, Sudan, to determine the local characteristics of schistosomiasis in the White Nile River basin.
Urine and stool samples were collected from 338 students (176 boys, 162 girls) at three primary schools and were examined using the urine filtration method and the Kato-Katz technique, respectively. Of the students, 200 were interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire to assess water-contact patterns and health conditions related with urinary schistosomiasis.
Of the 338 students, egg-positive rates for S. haematobium and S. mansoni were 45.0% and 5.9%, respectively, and 4.4% were mixed. The intensities of S. haematobium and S. mansoni infection were 1.091 ± 0.744 log EP10 (eggs per 10 mL of urine, mean ± SD = 57 ± 172 EP10) and 1.787 ± 0.844 log EPG (eggs per gram of stool, mean ± SD = 156 ± 176 EPG), respectively. The prevalence and intensity of S. haematobium infection differed significantly among the three schools, but not by gender or age. Urinary schistosomiasis was significantly associated with the frequencies of contaminated water contact, taking baths, swimming, and wading the stream; however, frequencies of these events were not significantly correlated with infection intensity. Self-reported hematuria and dysuria also correlated significantly with urinary schistosomiasis.
The overall prevalence of schistosomiasis, especially urinary schistosomiasis, is high in the White Nile River basin, Sudan, and is closely associated with frequencies of water contact, taking baths, swimming, and wading the stream. We strongly recommend implementation of an integrated schistosomiasis control program in this area.
我们调查了苏丹白尼罗州血吸虫病的患病率、危险因素和临床表现，以确定白尼罗河流域血吸虫病的当地特征。
从三所小学的338名学生（176名男孩，162名女孩）中收集尿液和粪便样本，分别采用尿液过滤法和加藤-卡茨技术进行检测。其中200名学生接受了半结构化问卷调查，以评估与泌尿血吸虫病相关的水接触模式和健康状况。
在338名学生中，埃及血吸虫和曼氏血吸虫的虫卵阳性率分别为45.0%和5.9%，混合感染率为4.4%。埃及血吸虫和曼氏血吸虫的感染强度分别为1.091±0.744 log EP10（每10毫升尿液中的虫卵数，平均值±标准差=57±172 EP10）和1.787±0.844 log EPG（每克粪便中的虫卵数，平均值±标准差=156±176 EPG）。三所学校中埃及血吸虫感染的患病率和强度存在显著差异，但与性别或年龄无关。泌尿血吸虫病与接触受污染水、洗澡、游泳和涉溪的频率显著相关；然而，这些活动的频率与感染强度无显著相关性。自我报告的血尿和排尿困难也与泌尿血吸虫病显著相关。
苏丹白尼罗河流域血吸虫病，尤其是泌尿血吸虫病的总体患病率较高，且与水接触、洗澡、游泳和涉溪的频率密切相关。我们强烈建议在该地区实施综合血吸虫病控制项目。
