Gohir Wajiha, Ratcliffe Elyanne M, Sloboda Deborah M
Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada.
Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada.
Pediatr Res. 2015 Jan;77(1-2):196-204. doi: 10.1038/pr.2014.169. Epub 2014 Oct 14.
Chronic disease risk is inextricably linked to our early-life environment, where maternal, fetal, and childhood factors predict disease risk later in life. Currently, maternal obesity is a key predictor of childhood obesity and metabolic complications in adulthood. Although the mechanisms are unclear, new and emerging evidence points to our microbiome, where the bacterial composition of the gut modulates the weight gain and altered metabolism that drives obesity. Over the course of pregnancy, maternal bacterial load increases, and gut bacterial diversity changes and is influenced by pre-pregnancy- and pregnancy-related obesity. Alterations in the bacterial composition of the mother have been shown to affect the development and function of the gastrointestinal tract of her offspring. How these microbial shifts influence the maternal-fetal-infant relationship is a topic of hot debate. This paper will review the evidence linking nutrition, maternal obesity, the maternal gut microbiome, and fetal gut development, bringing together clinical observations in humans and experimental data from targeted animal models.
慢性病风险与我们生命早期的环境有着千丝万缕的联系，在这个环境中，母亲、胎儿和儿童期因素可预测日后的疾病风险。目前，母亲肥胖是儿童肥胖及成年后代谢并发症的关键预测因素。尽管其机制尚不清楚，但新出现的证据指向了我们的微生物群，其中肠道细菌组成会调节体重增加以及导致肥胖的代谢改变。在整个孕期，母亲的细菌载量会增加，肠道细菌多样性会发生变化，且受孕前及孕期相关肥胖的影响。母亲细菌组成的改变已被证明会影响其后代胃肠道的发育和功能。这些微生物变化如何影响母婴关系是一个激烈争论的话题。本文将综述营养、母亲肥胖、母亲肠道微生物群和胎儿肠道发育之间的联系证据，汇集人类临床观察结果和来自针对性动物模型的实验数据。
